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64
İndirme
26
1989 yılında, Bulgaristan yönetiminin politika ve uygulamaları karşısında bu ülkenin vatandaşı olarak yaşayan Türkler, Türkiye’ye göç etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Ad değiştirme, dini ibadetlerin yerine getirilmesini yasaklama, sünnet ve dini nikah gibi ritüellere son verme, şalvarın giyilmesine müdahale etme ve zaman içinde Türkçe konuşulmasının hatta Türk müziğinin yasaklaması gibi yaptırımların direnişle karşılanması ve cezaların fayda etmemesi uygulanan politikanın sertleşmesine ve ölümlere sebep olmuştur. Yaşanan bu göç sürecinin uluslararası hukuki boyutları bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bulgaristan’da yaşayan Türkler, Balkanlar’da hak ve özgürlükleri en erken tanınmış ve bu hak ve özgürlükleri hukuki güvence altına alınmış olan azınlıklar statüsünü halen korumaktadır. Buna rağmen Türk azınlıklar Bulgaristan’da dönem dönem yoğun siyasi baskılara maruz kalmış ve 1980’lerde devlet eliyle yürütülen resmi asimilasyon politikasına tabi tutulmuşlardır. Ulusal ve uluslararası arenada azınlıkların hak ve özgürlüklerinin güvence altına alınması ve asimile olmalarının engellenmesi için hukuki arenada Bulgaristan ikili ya da çoklu pek çok anlaşmaya imza atmış ve uluslararası kamuoyunda azınlıklara karşı koruyucu bir tutum sergilediği izlenimini uyandırmıştır. Çalışmada; Bulgaristan’da yaşayan Türkleri korumaya yönelik ikili ya da diğer çok taraflı anlaşmalar bağlamında azınlık sorununun hukuki boyutları açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bulgaristan’ın asimilasyon politikasını çok sistematik olarak uygulaması ve yönetmesi o dönemde yönetildiği rejime bağlamak mümkündür. Siyasal sitemin sansür ve baskı üzerine konumlanmış yapısı tehciri kolaylaştırmakta ve mevcut yönetim için paravan oluşturarak dış müdahalelere izin vermemektedir. Bu süreç içerisinde iki ülke arasında imzalanan hukuki anlaşmalar azınlık durumundaki Türklerin Bulgaristan’da hak ve özgürlüklerini korumakta yetersiz kalmakta, Bulgaristan hükümetince ihlalleri durumunda da can ve mal kaybına neden olarak asimilasyona hizmet etmektedir.
In 1989, the Turks, who lived as citizens of this country in the face of the policies and practices of the Bulgarian government, were forced to migrate to Turkey. The change of religion, the prohibition of religious worship, the termination of rituals such as sunset and religious marriage, the interference with the wear of the shalvar and the resistance of sanctions such as the prohibition of Turkish speech and even the prohibition of Turkish music and the non-profit of punishments have led to the hardening and deaths of the policy applied. The international legal dimensions of this immigration process are the subject of this study. The Turkish people living in Bulgaria still preserve the status of minorities, whose rights and freedoms were recognized early in the Balkans and whose rights and freedoms were legally guaranteed. However, the Turkish minorities in Bulgaria were subjected to a period of intense political pressure and in the 1980s they were subjected to the official assimilation policy carried out by the government. In the legal arena, Bulgaria has signed numerous bilateral or multilateral agreements to ensure the rights and freedoms of minorities in the national and international arena and to prevent them from being assimilated, and has raised the impression that the international public has a protective attitude against minorities. The study tries to explain the legal dimensions of the minority issue in the context of bilateral or other multilateral agreements aimed at protecting the Turks living in Bulgaria. The implementation and governance of Bulgaria’s assimilation policy in a very systematic manner is possible to link to the regime in which it was ruled during that period. The structure of the political site, placed on censorship and pressure, facilitates the threat and does not allow external interventions by creating a paravan for the current administration. The legal agreements signed between the two countries in this process remain insufficient to protect the rights and freedoms of the minority Turks in Bulgaria, and in the case of violations by the Bulgarian government also serves as an assimilation as a cause of loss of lives and goods.
In 1989, the Turks living as citizens of this country in the face of policies and practices of the Bulgarian government, was forced to migrate to Turkey. That Sanctions such as changing names, banning religious worship, ending rituals such as circumcision and religious weddings, interfering with the wearing of shalwars, and prohibiting Turkish speaking and even Turkish music over time faced with resistance and penalties do not benefit caused the policy to be hardened and to death. The international legal dimensions of this migration process constitute the subject of this study. Turks living in Bulgaria still maintain the status of minorities in the Balkans, whose rights and freedoms were recognized at the earliest and those rights and freedoms were legally guaranteed. In spite of this, Turkish minorities were exposed to occasional intense political pressure in Bulgaria and were exposed to state assimilation policy in the 1980s.To guarantee the rights and freedoms of minorities in the national and international arena and to prevent their assimilation Bulgaria has signed many bilateral or multiple agreements in the legal arena and it has arouse a feeling that it has a protective attitude towards minorities in the international public. In this study, the legal aspects of the minority problem are tried to be explained in the context of bilateral or other multilateral agreements to protect Turks living in Bulgaria. It is possible to connect the very systematic implementation and management of its assimilation policy by Bulgaria to the regime in which it was ruled at that time. The structure of my political system on censorship and repression facilitates emigration, and does not allow foreign interventions by creating screens for the current administration. The legal agreements signed between the two countries in this process are insufficient to protect the rights and freedoms of Turks, who are minorities, in Bulgaria, it also serves for assimilation by causing loss of life and property in case of violations by the Bulgarian government.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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