Özet:

ʿIsāmuddīn al-Isferāyīnī, having a revered and knowledgeable family, was born in Isferayin and completed his studies at an early age. He is a sophisticated scholar. His ancestors include Ebû İshak Ruknuddîn İbrahîm b. Muhammed b. İbrâhîm el-İsferâyînî, who contributed much to the fields of Islamic jurisprudence and kalam by publishing many works. His father Muhammed b. Arabşâh and paternal grandfather Arabşâh were both great scholars who also served as judges likewise, his maternal grandfather Dâvûd al-Hâfî was both a great scholar and a statesman who served as the chief vizier. Great scholars emerged from al-Isferāyīnī’s descendants, and they were generally known as "al-ʿIsāmī " due to their association with al-Isferāyīnī’s pen name ʿIsāmuddīn or al-ʿIsām. Al-Isferāyīnī, on the other hand, is mostly known as "ʻIsâm al-Dîn", "al-ʻIsâm", "Mollâ ʻIsâm" or “al-Isferāyīnī” as his origin. Al-Isferāyīnī, receiving his first education from his father and grandfather Dâvûd al-Hâfî, went to the city of Herât and studied there with Molla Abd al-Rahman al-Jâmî for many years. With his intelligence and scholarly knowledge, he managed to attract attention even in his own age. Therefore, he was entrusted with a position of lectureship at a young age by the rulers of the period. So, he taught at famous madrassahs such as el-Medresetu'l-Sultâniyya, al-Medresetu'l-ʻAliyya, Medresetu Sharuh in the city of Herât. He was received with great respect by the rulers of the period in Bukhara and Samarkand, where he later went and was allowed to conduct his scholarly studies. Teaching in these cities for years, al-Isferāyīnī raised dozens of students. Al-Isferāyīnī’s scholarly superiority was also confirmed by scholars who lived in this period. Adopting a unique and critical debating style in scholarly topics, al-Isferāyīnī stands out as a remarkable figure thanks to his ability to analyze even the most intricate issues with comprehensive interpretation skills. Despite his great knowledge, he lived a simple and dignified life away from arrogance. However, his excessive use of logical interpretations and complicated language in his works were mostly criticized by the scholars. Although he has important views on the fields of conjugation, syntax, and semantics, his most remarkable views are on the field of rhetoric. Some of his outstanding views are on the situation of deficient composites in terms of fluency, taking logical metaphors as allusion, redefinition of change in direction of address, his change of explicit allegory to implicit allegory. Al-Isferāyīnī stands out with his authorship as well as his teaching activities. He wrote dozens of works in many different fields such as conjugation, syntax, semantics, logic, kalam, and fiqh. Particularly, his annotations and commentaries that he penned for the works of famous scholars like Ibnu'l-Hâcib, Aduddîn el-Îjî, Ebu'l-Kâsım es-Samarkandî, al-Teftâzânî, Seyyid al-Şerîf al-Curcânî, Molla Jâmî have played a great role in spreading his fame. His works titled Al-Aṭwal, Hâşiye ʻala'l-Favâidi'd-diyâiyya, Şarh ʻala'l-Kâfiya, Şarhu'l-ʻİsâmʻ ʻala'l-Farîde, and Şarh ʻalâ Âdabi'l-ʻAdudiyye are very well known in the madrasa cicrles. Many of his works have been used as textbooks or supplementary sources in madrasahs for centuries. Most of his works have survived and some have been published. However, in the literature, there are also some works that have not survived today or have not been identified yet although they are attributed to him. Some works are mistakenly associated with him even though they are not written by him. In this study, al-Isferāyīnī’s life, scholarly position and works are examined and it is aimed to introduce him to the world of scholarly studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler: