Özet:

Madrasahs and Enderun Schools have served as the basic education and training institutions in the Ottoman Empire since its foundation. However, since the 18th century, the failure to respond to the needs of the age and the successive defeats on the fronts against the West caused these schools to be questioned, and as a result, European model higher education institutions began to be established. Only the military dimension of the issue was taken into consideration and for this purpose, higher education schools were opened especially for the army. Relatively efficient results were obtained from these schools. Hendesehane, Mekteb-i Bahri Hümayun, Mekteb-i Berri Hümayun are among the schools in question. The reformist Sultan, who came to the throne in 1808, II. Mahmut continued this tradition, and the army had established colleges such as the Mekteb-i Tıbbiye and Mekteb-i Harbiye. The Tanzimat Period, which started with the declaration of the Tanzimat Edict in 1839, initiated the adoption of a new understanding in education. Seeing that the desired efficiency in education could not be achieved, the statesmen of the period decided to establish the first Western-style civilian university. For this purpose, Darülfünun, which means "house of sciences", was established in 1846. Darülfünun, who gave her primary education in Nuri Efendi Mansion and in some rooms of the building for the school, had to continue her education in the building located in Çemberlitaş in 1870 as a result of the fire in Fatih District. Darülfünun, whose education was terminated again in 1871, started its education in Mekteb-i Sultani (Galatasaray High School) in 1874. The education process in Mekteb-i Sultani ended in 1881 due to economic reasons and the school re-entered education in 1900. II. After the reforms such as the changes made in the school organization and course curricula during the Constitutional Monarchy period, the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War in 1914, had to sign an armistice in 1918, and started the National Struggle in 1919. During the National Struggle, the students of Darülfünun supported the reforms after the proclamation of the Republic. In line with Atatürk's education policies, the reform of Darülfünun came to the fore and in 1933 it was renamed Darülfünun Istanbul University.