Özet:

It is possible to talk about numerous Mosque examples that have been built since the first years of the Islamic religion and developed with the influence of many factors as the climatic and topography features, social and cultural structures, materials, and construction technology habits of geography, as well as the requirements of religious rituals. Different cultures and construction systems have resulted in the diversification of the sanctuary of mosques in the historical process. In this sense, there is a variety of auditory perception as well as the visual environment of the volume. Although there are studies in the literature, especially in the context of architecture and art history, in which historical mosques are classified in terms of their different characteristics, a classification has been made on the features that are expected to affect the acoustic character of the sanctuary within the scope of the study. Thus, a systematic examination of the effects of material and typological differences on acoustic conditions in historical mosques can be provided. In determining the samples for the study, first of all, the most frequently repeated plan typology, volume and top cover forms in the Aegean Region are chosen. For the historical mosques in the Aegean Region, a new classification has been proposed based on the covering system, volume dimensions and plan typologies that are thought to affect the acoustic conditions. During the study, the groups determined in the proposed classification are changed in terms of the similarities and differences obtained with the acoustic measurements and Odeon acoustic simulation software. Besides the objective acoustic parameters, geometric parameters are needed to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of the mosques in the proposed classification with the statistical analysis method. In recent studies on room acoustics, it is seen that only T30 is not sufficient for the evaluation of a volume. Therefore, in addition to the reverberation time for the analysis of the mosques, EDT, C80, D50, STI parameters, which are important for speech and music functions, are also included in the study. In the context of this study, it is decided to associate the similarities/differences between the groups in the classification with the volume, top cover, and plan typology of the mosques and to use geometric parameters as independent variables in the pearson correlation analysis method. When the graphs of measurement results are examined, it can be said that the building material and construction method used in historical mosques are important determinants of the acoustic conditions. While a strong relationship cannot be established between the volume and acoustic parameters of wooden mosques, the volume is a very important parameter that directs the acoustic parameters in masonry mosques. As a result of the pearson correlation, coefficient analysis applied to the determined top cover groups separately, the most significant relationship between geometric parameters and objective acoustic parameters is determined for the single-domed masonry top cover group, and the least significant relationship is determined for the curvilinear wooden structure mosque group. The only acoustic parameter that strongly correlated with the geometric parameters for all top cover groups is the reverberation time (T30) (s).

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