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Türk-Yunan ‘nüfus mübadelesi’, Lozan Konferansı’nda Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasındaki öncelikli sorunlardan birisi olmuş ve 30 Ocak 1923 yılında, Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasında imzalanan ‘Yunan ve Türk Halklarının Mübadelesine İlişkin Sözleşme’ ve Protokol’ün imzalanmasıyla çözüme kavuşturulmuştur. Mübadele ile Türkiye’ye gelenlerin yerleştirilmesi, mülk edinmeleri 30 Ocak 1923 tarihli Mübadele Sözleşmesi’ne göre düzenlenmiştir. Sözleşmeye göre mübadillerin tarımla uğraşanlarına arazi, bağ-bahçe sanatkâr olanlara dükkan, mağaza, imalathane verildiği ve gerekli olan kredi, hayvan, tohum gibi girdilerle de desteklendikleri bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, özellikle Türkiye ve Yunanistan açısından nüfus mübadelesinin yarattığı ekonomik ve siyasal sonuçları şu şekilde özetleyebiliriz: Yunanistan’ın ekonomik açıdan karlı çıktığı, siyasal açıdan zarar ettiği ve Türkiye’nin ise siyasal açıdan kazançlı çıkmasına karşın, ekonomik açıdan kayıplar verdiği belirtilmelidir. Bu tespit bağlamında “ekonomik kayıp” kavramından ne anlaşılması gerektiği az çok belli iken, “siyasal kazanç” kavramı üzerinde yapılacak değerlendirmelerde Türkiye açısından ‘milli ekonomi’ oluşturma hedefinin öne çıktığı özellikle vurgulanmalıdır.
The Turkish-Greek ‘population exchange’ was one of the priority issues between Turkey and Greece at the Lozan Conference and was resolved by the signing of the ‘Convention on the exchange of Greek and Turkish peoples’ and the Protocol’ signed between Turkey and Greece on 30 January 1923. The placement of those who come to Turkey with the exchange, the acquisition of property was regulated according to the exchange agreement of 30 January 1923. According to the agreement, the exchangers are known to be supported by entries such as land, garden, artists are provided with shops, stores, factory and the necessary loans, animals, seeds. In this study, we can summarize the economic and political consequences of population exchange, especially from the point of view of Turkey and Greece, as follows: Greece has been economically profitable, has been politically damaged and Turkey has been politically profitable, but has been economically losing. While in this context of identification it is not very clear what to be understood from the concept of "economic loss", it should be emphasized in particular that in the assessments on the concept of "political gain" the goal of creating a "national economy" from the point of view of Turkey is highlighted.
Turkish-Greek ‘population exchange’ had been one of the priority issues between Turkey and Greece during the talks of the Lausanne Agreement and it was solved after the ‘Agreement on the Population Exchange of the Greek and Turkish Communities’ and the protocol were signed in 30 January, 1923. Settlement and possession rights of coming Turkey via the exchange were regulated through the Agreement of Exchange in 30 January, 1923. According to the agreement, it is known that the exchanged persons were given lands, vineyards, and orchards if they were farmers, and shops, stores, and workshops if they were craftsmen, and they were also supported with necessary inputs such as credits, animals, and seeds. In this study, the economic and political consequences of the population exchange for Turkey and Greece could be summarized as follows: it is stated that Greece was profitable in economic terms while ending up as a loser in political terms, while Turkey was profitable in political terms ending up a loser in economic terms. In line with this determination, while the concept of “economic loss” is mainly clear, considering the evaluations over “political gain”, it should be particularly emphasized that, for Turkey, creating a ‘national economy’ comes to the fore.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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