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Avrasyacılık, 1920’lerde Rus düşünürleri arasında ortaya çıkan entelektüel ve yarı politik bir eğilimdir. Avrasyacılığın amacı, Rusya’nın ne Doğu’ya ne de Batı Avrupa’ya ait olduğu varsayımı üzerine, farklı etnik gruplardan, çoğunlukla Türk kökenli Rusya/Avrasya Müslümanlardan ve Slavlardan oluşan bir medeniyet oluşturmaktır. Klasik Avrasyacılar, Avrupa’yı, çoğunlukla Batı Avrupa’yı, Rusya/Avrasya’nın ana jeopolitik rakibi olarak görüyorlardı. Neo-Avrasyacılar ise, Klasik Avrasyacıların aksine Batı Avrupalıları Rusya/Avrasya’nın düşmanları olarak görmemekte, hatta müttefik veya en azından tarafsız bir güç olarak görmektedir. Neo-Avrasyacılar, Avrasya’nın ve tüm insanlığın yükselen düşmanı olarak ABD’i hedef almaktadırlar. Burada ABD, doğal kaynakları petrol ve doğalgaz elinde tutma isteğinden dolayı değil, tüm dünyayı kendi düzenlerine göre yeniden şekillendirme politikalarından dolayı temel düşman ilan edilmiştir. Neo-Avrasyacılık ekolünün ortaya çıkmasındaki uluslararası konjonktürel yapı ve bunun Rus dış politikasında kendine nasıl bir yer edindiği üzerinde durularak, Rusya’nın yakın çevresi olarak da adlandırılan coğrafyada sağlamaya çalıştığı kontrol ve denetimin sürdürülebilirliği tartışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, Neo-Avrasyacılığın Putin sonrası dış politikada bir ekol olarak kendine bir yer edinmesi ve bu ekolün bir uzantısı olarak A. Dugin tarafından ortaya konan Dördüncü siyaset teorisinin ileri sürdüğü varsayımlar irdelenecektir. Bu doğrultuda Neo-Avrasyacılık ekolünün ve dördüncü siyaset teorisinin, Rusya’nın Avrasya coğrafyası ekseninde uyguladığı dış politika kararlarında, Avrasyacılık akımı ve Rus jeopolitik okulunun etkileri üzerine bir analiz yapılacaktır.
Eurasianism is an intellectual and semi-political tendency that emerged among Russian thinkers in the 1920s. The purpose of Eurasianism is to create a civilization consisting of different ethnic groups, mostly Turkish-Russian/Eurasian Muslims and Slavs, on the assumption that Russia belongs neither to Eastern nor to Western Europe. The classical Eurasians saw Europe, mostly Western Europe, as the main geopolitical rival of Russia/Eurasia. The Neo-Eurasians, unlike the Classical Eurasians, do not see the Western Europeans as the enemies of Russia/Eurasia, or even as a allied or at least neutral power. The Neo-Eurasians target the United States as the rising enemy of Eurasia and all humanity. Here, the United States has been declared a fundamental enemy not because of its desire to keep natural resources in the hands of oil and natural gas, but because of its policies to shape the whole world according to its own arrangements. Based on the international conjunctural structure in the emergence of the Neo-Eurasian eclipse and how it took its place in Russian foreign policy, the sustainability of the control and control that Russia is trying to provide in the geography also called its close surroundings will be discussed. In this context, the assumptions that the Neo-Eurasianism will take its place as an eclipse in post-Putin foreign policy and as an extension of this eclipse will be understood by A. Dugin's Fourth Political Theory. In this direction, an analysis will be made on the effects of the Neo-Eurasian ecology and the fourth political theory, the outer policy decisions implemented by Russia in the Eurasian geography axis, the Eurasian flow and the Russian geopolitical school.
Eurasianism is an intellectual and semi-political tendency that emerged among Russian thinkers in the 1920s. The aim of Eurasianism is to create a civilization of different ethnic groups, mostly of Turkish / Russian / Eurasian Muslims and Slavs, on the assumption that Russia belongs neither to Eastern or Western Europe. Classical Eurasianists viewed Europe, mostly Western Europe, as the main geopolitical rival of Russia / Eurasia. Neo-Eurasianists, on the other hand, do not see Western Europeans as enemies of Russia / Eurasia, unlike the classical Eurasianists, and even as allies or at least as a neutral force. Neo-Eurasianists target the US as the rising enemy of Eurasia and all humanity. Here, the US has been declared the main enemy, not because of its desire to retain natural resources oil and gas , but because of its policies of reshaping the entire world in its own order. The terms Eurasia and Eurasianism reappeared in the post-Soviet political and intellectual arena. Eurasian terminology, which emphasizes Russia's European and Asian identity, gained popularity in the mid-1990s as the most comprehensive of conservative ideologies with an argument that synthesized Slavic and Turkish-Muslim cultures. In this context, Russia's rejection of the imperialist European identity and the idea of integrating Asia and Europe were supported by the intellectual and politicians in explaining the collapse of the Soviet Union and in demonstrating the continuity of the Russian Federation, which spatially reextended to this geography. In the international conjunctural structure, the Atlantic and Eurasian schools, which were proposed as a means of solution to the economic, social and political problems of Russian foreign policy both in domestic and foreign policy, were introduced with concepts such as empire, nation state and federalism from Tsarist Russia to Bolshevik Revolution they served the state building process in line with their own intellectual foundations. The international conjunctural structure in the emergence of the school of neo-Eurasianism and its place in Russian foreign policy will be discussed, and the sustainability of the control and control that Russia is trying to achieve in the geography, also called its immediate environment, will be discussed. In this context, the assumption of Neo-Eurasianism as a school in post-Putin foreign policy and the assumptions put forward by A. Dugin as an extension of this school will be examined. In this direction, an analysis will be made on the effects of Eurasianism and the Russian geopolitical school in the foreign policy decisions of the NeoEurasianism and the fourth political theory in the axis of Eurasian geography
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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