Özet:

After the collapse of the Tsarist Russia, religion, especially Islam, began to play an important role in Russia. To fully understand politics in Russia, it is necessary to understand the role Islam plays in the current state and society. The Tsarist regime has killed the people everywhere during its domination, damaged their language, religion, culture, and dropped everything in the region, and driven the people of the region to distant lands. The people living in this region (German, Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc.) and especially the Turks, the situation had become so horrible that each one of their neighbors, relatives and acquaintances was distributed in different places of Turkistan and placed in such a way that they would never see each other again. The Bolsheviks had gone to the way of distribution by deceiving the people who lived here, especially the Turks, with the promises of freedom in language, religion and culture. From 1917 to 1920, the Russians gave freedom to other peoples and Turks. The main Russian policies began to be formed after 1920. The Soviet Union formed one of the policies of the destruction of Islam which began in 1928. In this direction, the Soviet regime had launched an intense process aimed at both the destruction of the foundations of Islamic faith and the non-application of these foundations. During this process, tens of thousands of mosques were destroyed, and many religious men were also killed. When we look at it in relation, the Soviet regime tried to destroy the religious education, just as it destroyed the mosques. Indeed, the medrese (primary schools) located next to each mosque was closed by Soviet officials. Again, the anti-religious activity received significant support from the high-level Soviet rulers. To teach the rules of anti-religious propaganda, these high-level Soviet officials have effectively used the brain power that is available. The Soviet Russia, with the effort of Russification and Christianization, has tried to divide many nations, especially the Turks, who are the most crowded after the Russians in the region, and to isolate them with micro-nationalism. In fact, the Soviet government used the method of the "division and governance" of the Tsarist period in the politics of nations. Nationalism formed on the national (administrative, ethnic, religious and cultural) identity is an important element that affects the masses, while the Soviet government would not see any trouble in using this element. The main objective of such a practice was to use local differences against each other for a short period of time, while the long-term effort was to guarantee the Russian sovereignty. From this point of view, the division of Central Asia into different nationalities would be a political tactic of the Soviet powers. The creation of different nations, such as Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, was a strategic element in the formation of the Muslim people. Today, when we look at the Muslim population in Russia, according to the figures given by the President of the Russian Federation Council, Ravil Gaynutdin, there are 23 million Muslims living in Russia. According to Russian statistics, the religious minority with the highest population growth in Russia is Muslims. According to Russian statistics, the Russian population is decreasing every day, while the Muslim population is increasing. This article examined and evaluated the religious structure of Russia in the 20th century and the Islamism, the population and the policies of the Russians in this direction.