Özet:

Child rights and child labour abuse are one of the most rooted child problems in history. The rights of the child, in the form of a legal text aimed at protecting the children directly. It started in the western world. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) was adopted in 1989. In ancient Turkish culture, there are a number of practices determined by the ceremonies relating to the protection and education of the child. The 1824 "Talim-i Sibian Ferman" in Ottoman is one of the first legal written documents to solve the problems that occur in this area. This ferman has been seen as the first legal text that makes more basic education mandatory. As one of the first documents that made education mandatory in Turkey, fermana has been frequently referred to in scientific studies. It emphasizes the prevention of child labour abuse and the preparation of children for life through education. In Turkey, the content of this regulation, known as the first written legal document in the field of children's rights, has gained importance. In this context, Ferman has become one of the most important documents in the field of child rights both in the world and in Turkey. The main objective of this work is 2. To study and promote Mahmut's "Talim-i Sibian Ferman" of 1824 and another purpose is to evaluate the relevant ferman in terms of children's rights. The research was carried out on the basis of the quality method document examination pattern. In the study, the "Talim-i Sibian Ferman" was used as the main source. The subject is obtained from the Ottoman origin of the work "Tarih-i Cevdet" by ferman Ahmet Cevdet Pasha. The content of Ferman was actually given in Ottoman and was also translated into today's Turkish. It is clear that Ferman’s aim is to guarantee the rights to “development” and “protection” from the four main areas guaranteed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989. The two aspects highlighted in Fermanda are “the obligation of basic education” and “the prevention of child labour abuse”. The first of these concerns the "right of development" of the child, the second, the "right of protection". In Ferman, the importance of learning basic religious knowledge was emphasized, and the spread of ignorance due to the sensitivity of parents was also pointed out. The main reason for this is that families send their children to work instead of school in order to make money. Therefore, the importance of ignorance in society and the education of children in young age has been highlighted. The main objective of the farm is to break the courage of families and against the financial income that the child labour will provide. Criminal measures are provided to prevent child abuse. In this study, the "Talim-i Sibian Ferman" well-known and frequently expressed by educators has been evaluated in terms of contemporary children's rights. and II. Mahmut, with the provisions of this farm, did not leave the children to the intimacy of the parents and the business, and made their basic education mandatory. Instead of interfering with Ferman, it was made compulsory to send children to the primary education school until adolescence. Thus, Ferman the child to exercise the right to education, on the other hand prevented the abuse of child labour and prepared a healthier environment for the child’s physical and mental development. This feature is an important document in the history of Turkish childhood as well as in the history of Turkish education. It can also be said that this farm is one of the first and most important legal documents in the world’s childhood history. This pherman, about a century and a half before the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989, established the rights of children in the field of "development" and "protection". In this context, ferman is an extremely important document in terms of Turkish and world childhood history.

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