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Tanzimat’tan sonra Batı tarzı hikâye formu ile tanışan Türk hikâyeciliği aradan geçen yaklaşık yüz yıllık bir süreçte gerek tema gerek biçim olarak kendisini sürekli geliştirir ve yeniler. Edebiyatın içinde oluştuğu toplumun sosyal ve siyasî hayatından bağımsız olamayacağı düşünüldüğünde ülkemizdeki önemli siyasî gelişmelerin edebiyatımız üzerinde etkili olduğunu söylemek kabul edilen bir gerçektir. 12 Eylül 1980 askerî darbesi, ülkemizde büyük kırılmalar meydana getiren siyasî bir olaydır. Gerek askeri darbe gerekse modernizmin bu yıllarda hız kazanarak toplum hayatında büyük değişiklikler meydana getirmesi edebî eserleri de şekillendiren bir unsurdur. 1980 sonrası yazılan hikâyelerde kişiler de devrin genel görünümünü yansıtan özelliklere sahiptir. Yalnız, bunalmış, sıkılmış ve tutunamayan karakterler, fizikî ve psikolojik özellikleri ile yeni bir insan modelini oluşturur. Karakterler içe dönük yapılarıyla, kendi kendilerine yaptıkları konuşmalarla zamana başkaldırırlar. Yenilmiş, kaybetmiş karakterler kimi zaman geçmişleriyle avunurlar kimi zaman da kendi varlıklarını sorgulayarak intihar etmek isterler. Modernizmin etkisi ile geçmişi reddeden karakterler bir boşluğa düşerek köksüzleşirken geçmişe bağlanmayı tercih eden karakterler ise yeni duruma ayak uyduramazlar. Bu çalışmada 1980 sonrası Türk hikâyesinde örnekleri verilen modern hikâye, post-modern-hikâye, din-gelenek bağlamındaki hikâye, toplumcu gerçekçi hikâye ve küçürek öykülerde görülen kişilerin karakteristik özellikleri ortaya konularak oluşturulan yeni insan modelinin özellikleri açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Çalışmada hikâye kişilerinden yola çıkılarak toplumsal yapının da özelliklerine vurgu yapılacaktır. Genel özelliklerini belirlediğimiz dönem hikâyesinin karakter tipolojisi bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalara da ışık tutacaktır.
After Tanzimat, the Turkish historian, who met with the Western style story form, continuously develops and renews itself as the subject form in a process of about a hundred years. When it is considered that the society in which literature is formed cannot be independent of the social and political life, it is acceptable to say that important political developments in our country have an impact on our literature. The military coup of September 12, 1980 is a political event that has led to major breakdowns in our country. The need for a military coup is an element that forms literary works that modernism has made great changes in the life of society by gaining rapidity in these years. In the stories written after 1980, people also have characteristics that reflect the general appearance of the revolution. Solitary, depressed, tired and unbeatable characters create a new human model with their physical and psychological characteristics. The characters revolt in time with their inner structures, with their own speeches to themselves. The defeated, lost characters sometimes catch their past and sometimes want to commit suicide by questioning their own existence. With the influence of modernism, the characters who reject the past fall into a vacuum and become rooted, while the characters who prefer to connect to the past cannot fit the new situation. This study will try to explain the characteristics of the new human model created by exposing the characteristics of the modern story, post-modern story, the story in the context of religious traditions, the socialist realistic story and the characteristics of the people seen in small stories. In the study, the story will be put out of the people and emphasized the characteristics of the social structure. The character typology of the history of the period that we define the general characteristics will also keep light on the work that will be done in this area.
Turkish short stories having met Western-style after Tanzimat Reform Era have continued to develop both thematically and stylistically during the centennial period. Considering the fact that literature cannot be separated from social and political concerns of the related community, the impact of important historical events can be observed in Turkish literature. 1980 coup d'etat is a political event that deeply affects Turkey. Both the military coup and the fact that modernism resulted in fundamental changes indicated remarkable influences on literary works. In short stories written after 1980s, characters display some features reflecting political situation of Turkey. As people are becoming lonely, bored and crushed, they represent modern human beings with their peculiar physiological and psychological features. They rebel against the time by inner speeches and their introvert features. Defeated, lost people sometimes resort to their past for relief and other times they want to commit suicide by questioning their ways of living. With the effect of modernism, whereas some characters become depressed by preferring separation from their past, some others who prefer to be strictly connected to their past cannot keep up with this new situation. In the present study, given as an example in Turkish history after 1980 modern story, post-modern story, story in religion traditions context, socialist people seen in a realistic story and short-short stories created by putting forward characteristics will be explained features of the new model of man. In this study, the social structure starting from the story to the people will be highlighted features. General typology of character stories will hopefully shed light on the other literary Works to be done in this field.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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