Özet:

In Traditional Turkish Music, characteristics of melodies are manifested through melodic modes that are called makâm in Turkish. In this line of music, which has maintained its existence within the exercise system, the understanding of makâm has naturally undergone changes over the centuries. These changes are clearly seen between the edvârs -manuscripts of music theory presented in circles- of different centuries. Due to this reason, examining the various definitions of makâms, from the manuscript books of the past and from current sources, would provide information on the magnitude and sense of this change. Another importance of setting forth the change in the understanding of makâm is related with the introduction of a new perspective to the dilemma of makâm and melodic patterns referred to as ayak in the Traditional Turkish Folk Music. Although it had been named differently in the past centuries, within the terminology of the present century's "Turkish Folk Music" the melodic structure of music has been tried to be expressed with the term "ayak". The fact that some folk melodies cannot be exactly expressed in terms of makâms has been frequently presented as the reason for this. Our belief is that two fundamental matters underlying the problem are being omitted. The first of these is the change of understanding that took place in the definitions and therefore the setups of makâms. In other words, an understanding of scale -or "dizi" in Turkish-, which did not exist within the tradition but was later incorporated into the definitions of makâm, has been prevalent in the last century. The second matter is the concepts of "âvâze" and "şûbe" which although had been used in the past centuries, in time started to be mentioned less and less and eventually melted into the term of makâm. The remoteness of the melodies identified with the concepts of âvâze and şûbe, to today's understanding of makâm is obvious. Utilizing the melody models identified by these two terms in the examination of Turkish Folk Music melodies with regard to makâm may provide a significant ease in the solution of the problem that is being experienced.

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