Özet:

Islamic Theology (Ilm al-Kalam) is not just about the expression and explanation of the principles of Islamic faith. What makes Kalam Kalam is its own method of thinking as stated in its name. This method is based on an original dialectic. Certainly due to its method, Kalam often enters in the field of speculation rather than to express and study the Islamic creed, hence Salaf did not consider it as a science. Its own specific dialectical thought of Kalam has tended to be incorporated in the Divine Word about which it talks. For it asserts that knowledge is based on reasoning, and turns towards to think in a rational area. But the theologian (mutakallim), in doing so, tends to forget that he is in a human act as much as all the other reasoning acts. Thus, the word of a theologian bounds the word of the divine. One of the basic differences between philosophy and theology is that Philosophy is considered as a human thought. In fact, underlining this issue Farabi quotes Socrates’ following promise: "O my people! I'm not telling you that there is something false in your divine wisdom. I say, mine is not better than yours. But I'm wise by human wisdom."

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