Özet:

Today, the rapid population growth, the concentration of the population in cities, the urban planning, the energy efficiency and safety are not taken into account, the increased energy consumption in transportation, industry and housing, and as a result, the transformation into a consumer society, the demand for energy is increasing. However, in the context of the rising demand for energy and the fight against global climate change, global energy supply, transmission, distribution and consumption tends to move from traditional energy sources to renewable energy sources (water, solar, wind, geothermal, wave, biocarbons and waste) and to comprehensive planning. In recent years, the interest in solar energy has increased globally. Thanks to the developments in panel and cell technology, the ease of installation, the time-rise costs and the measures and incentives taken by various governments, photovoltaic systems have gained a very important place in the global field. In particular, roof systems where net electricity is obtained, where cable losses are reduced, are considered the future of solar energy. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that by 2050 solar energy will meet 11% of the world’s electricity demand. However, while solar energy is a sustainable, clean source of energy, it is a cutting-edge source where electricity production changes properly in proportion to time, day and season. Therefore, energy supply safety and efficient use energy storage technologies have also begun to be developed. These technologies contribute to the more efficient, efficient, low-carbon and reliable operation of electric networks. Turkey, which is externally dependent on energy, imports 90 percent of coal used for electricity production and almost all of natural gas from abroad, although it is rich in renewable energy sources, is still new in the sector. However; the Government of the Republic of Turkey has begun to support the diversity of resources and local energy projects in energy production and consumption with the aim of reducing external energy dependence. By 2023 the rate of natural gas-based electricity production will be pulled from 50% to 30% and the rate of renewable energy will be reached 30%. In order for Turkey to these goals and to make much more investments in renewable energy sources, it is necessary to reduce its costs by transmitting high-priced installation materials to domestic production, as well as to create the necessary funding resources and mechanisms. In this context, the article will discuss developments and financial mechanisms in Germany, which is one of the leading countries in this area, the technical characteristics of solar energy systems, system settings, environmental approaches and discussions on this issue. In addition, the legal/administrative situation in Turkey and the financing models and the importance of the integrated energy system management in Turkey will be attempted to reveal.

Anahtar Kelimeler: