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Bu çalışmada Nietzsche ve Foucault incelenmiştir. Nietzsche ve Foucault’un felsefeleri, yaşamı, kavramları, eserleri literatür taraması yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Nietzsche, çalışmalarında; bilgi, iktidar, nihilizm, güç istenci, ahlak, decadence, tanrının ölümü, üst insan gibi birçok önemli kavrama yer vermiş ve birçok eser oluşturmuştur. Felsefesinin temeli değerlerin tersine çevrilmesidir. Bilgi ve iktidar kavramlarında da bu durum görülmektedir. Bilgi kişisel çıkarlardan bağımsız olamayacağı için Nietzsche’ye göre nesnel bilgi yoktur ve Hristiyanlığın bilgisi de nesnel değildir. Çünkü din adamları ve ülkeyi yönetenler Hristiyanlığı kendi çıkarları için kullanır. Nietzsche, toplumda güçlü ve aciz olmak üzere iki tip insandan söz eder. Güçsüzler bilgileri eleştirmeden kabul ederler; belirsizlikten korkarlar. Güçlü insan sağlıklıdır ve sayısı azdır. Kendi kararlarıyla hareket edip belirsizlik içerisinde gelişen insandır. Nietzsche’ye göre ülke yönetimi güçlü insanların yani soyluların elinde olmalıdır. Çünkü güçsüz insanlar çobana ihtiyaç duyar. Nietzsche toplumu en küçük birimden başlayarak en büyük birime kadar inceler. Özgürlük vazgeçilmezidir, güç istencini önemser. Foucault, arkeolojik çözümleme, episteme, epistemik kırılmalar, iktidar kavramlarını ortaya koymuş ve birçok eser meydana getirmiştir. Bilginin tanımını yaparken bilmelerin toplamı olmadığını ve kendisiyle özelleşen söylemin içinde kendisinden bahsedilen şey olduğunu ifade etmiştir. İktidarın da bilgi ile var olabileceğini, sosyal ilişkilerin her aşamasında iktidardan söz edilebileceğini, iktidarın tek başına var olamayacağını ifade etmiştir. Ona göre değişmez, mutlak bir iktidar yoktur. İktidar bilgiye insanlar aracılığı ile ulaşır ve bilgi sahibi olan iktidar güç kazanır. İnsanların bilgiye ulaşabilmeleri için özgürlüğe ihtiyacı vardır. İktidarın insanlara özgürlük fırsatı tanıması gerekmektedir.
This study was studied by Nietzsche and Foucault. Nietzsche and Foucault’s philosophies, life, concepts, works were studied by literary scan method. In his works, Nietzsche included many important concepts, such as knowledge, power, nihilism, power demand, morality, decadence, the death of God, the supreme man, and created many works. The foundation of philosophy is the reversal of values. This is also seen in the concepts of knowledge and power. Because information cannot be independent of personal interests, according to Nietzsche, there is no objective information, and the knowledge of Christianity is not objective. For religious men and the rulers of the country use Christianity for their own interests. Nietzsche speaks of two types of people: strong and weak in society. The weak accept information without criticism; they fear uncertainty. A strong person is healthy, and the number is small. He is a person who is committed to his own decisions and develops in uncertainty. According to Nietzsche, the government of the country must be in the hands of the strong people, the nobles. Weak people need a shepherd. Nietzsche examines society from the smallest unit to the largest. Freedom is unnecessary, the power is concerned. Foucault has revealed the concepts of archaeological analysis, epistema, epistemic breakdowns, power, and has created many works. He said that the knowledge is not the sum of the knowledge, and that it is what is spoken of himself in the speech that is personalised with him. He also said that power can exist with knowledge, that power can be spoken at every stage of social relations, that power cannot exist alone. It does not change, there is no absolute power. The power reaches knowledge through people, and the knowledgeable power gains power. People need freedom to get to information. The authority must recognize the opportunity for freedom to people.
In this study, Nietzsche and Foucault are examined. In the study, the philosophies, life, important concepts, works and concept relations of the two philosophers were examined by the literature review method. In his works; Nietzsche gave place to many important cocepts such as knowledge, power, nihilism, will to power, morality, decadence, death of god, superhuman and he created many works. The basis of his philosophy is the reversal of values. This is also seen in the concepts of knowledge and power. Since the knowledge can not be independent of personal interests, for Nietzsche, there is no objective knowledge and the knowledege of Christianity is also non-objective; because clergy and those who run the country use the Christianity for their own benefits. Nietzsche mentions about two types of people in society, who are strong or weak. The weak accept information uncritically; because they are afraid of uncertainty. Strong people are healthy and few in number. It is a person who acts with his own decisions and develops in uncertainty. According to Nietzsche, the administration of the country should be in the hands of powerful people, namely the nobel people. Because weak people need a shepherd to rule them. Nietzsche examines society from the smallest unit to the largest one. Freedom is indispensable for him; and the will to power is important. Foucault brought about the concepts of archaeological analysis, episteme, epistemic breaks and power. He has produced many works in this field. While defining knowledge, Foucault stated that it is not the sum of knowings and that it is what is mentioned in the discourse that is specialized with it. He stated that power can also exist with knowledge, power can be mentioned at every stage of social relations, and power cannot exist alone. According to him, there is no immutable, absolute power. Power reaches knowledge through people, and the power with knowledge gains power. People need freedom to Access information. For this reason, the government should give people the opportunity for freedom.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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