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Amasya, kadim tarihi boyunca farklı coğrafyalardan birçok dini ve etnik unsurun göç ettiği, dini ve kültürel çoğulculuğun yaşandığı önemli bir muhacir şehridir. Bu şehrin önemli miktarda göç aldığı coğrafyalardan biri de Kafkasya’dır. H. 490/1097’den itibaren Horasan, Hârezm, İran ve büyük oranda Azerbaycan coğrafyasından Amasya ve çevresine çeşitli Türk obalarının, Türk tayfalarının, tanınmış şahsiyetlerin ve özellikle mutasavvıfların yerleştiği görülmüştür. Bu şehre yerleşen tanınmış mutasavvıflardan biri de 1866’da Amasya’ya hicret eden Mir Hamza Nigârî’dir. Bilinen Türk obaları ise Nigârî vasıtasıyla bu şehri tanıyan ve göç eden Karakoyunlu Azerbaycan Türkleri ve Karapapak Azerbaycan Türkleridir. Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaycan Türk Tayfalarının tarihi ata yurtları olan Batı/Garbi Azerbaycan’dan Amasya ve çevresine göçleri 1880 yılından sonra başlamış, 1890’dan itibaren yoğunlaşmış, 1896-1901 arasında zirveye ulaşmış, 1901’den sonra azalarak, peyderpey İkinci Dünya Savaşı yılları sonuna kadar sürmüştür. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, tarihi Batı/Garbi Azerbaycan coğrafyasından Anadolu’ya, özellikle Amasya ve çevresine göç etmek zorunda kalan Karapapak-Karakoyunlu Azerbaycan Türklerinin bu bölgeye göçünün ve yurtlanmak için bölgeyi tercih nedenlerinin izini sürmek söz konusu saikler içinde, Mir Hamza Nigârî’nin rolünü/etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Çarlık Rusya’nın 16. asırdan itibaren Kafkasya’ya yönelip, bölgede işgal ve emperyalist politikalarını uygulamaya başlaması üzerine Kafkas halkları bağımsızlıklarını, kültürlerini ve inançlarını tümüyle yitirme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. Bu tehlikeye karşı Nakşibendiliğin Hâlidiyye kolunun yetiştirdiği kâmil insanların nüfuzlu liderleri ve bölgenin halk kahramanları liderliğinde Anadolu’da kurulan Kuva-i Milliye birlikleri tarzında Gazavât/Müridizm özgürlük/azatlık mücadelesi başlatılmıştır. Mir Hamza Nigârî de Gazavât hareketinde yerini alan Hâlidiyye liderlerinden biridir. Bu çerçevede çalışmadan, Nigârî’nin ve bağlılarının, bir kısım Karakoyunlu ve Karapapak Azerbaycan Türklerinin Gazavât hareketinde yerini alması ve hareketin Amasya’ya göçü tetiklemesi-başlatması hususunu anlama fırsatı vermesi beklenmektedir. Araştırılabildiği kadarıyla alanyazında, Azerbaycan coğrafyasından Amasya bölgesine yapılan Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Türk Tayfalarının zorunlu göç nedenleri arasında Mir Hamza Nigârî’nin yerini ve bölgeyi tercih sebeplerini ortaya koyan çalışmaların hemen hemen yok denebilecek boyutta olduğu görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmanın, bu hususta alana özgün boyutta bir katkı sağlayacağı söylenebilir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması ile desenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Garbi/Batı Azerbaycan’ın Kazak-Borçalı-Dilican yerleşim birimleri ve çevresinden Amasya ve Bakü bölgesine göç edenlerin çocukları olan 50 yaş üstü yirmi dört kişi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde kartopu (zincir) örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği yoluyla elde edilen veriler betimsel yöntemle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Nigârî’nin Kafkasya’da ve Anadolu’da verdiği Gazavât özgürlük/azatlık mücadelesine Amasya’ya göçen Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaycan Türklerinin atalarının, muhtemelen yöre halkı ile birlikte destek verdikleri/katıldıkları söylenebilir. Ancak alanyazından ve görüşme yapılan kişilerden söz konusu araştırılan topluluk hakkında, Gazavât hareketine katılmış herhangi bir grup veya kişi ismi tespit etmenin mümkün olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Buna rağmen azatlık mücadelesi, Nigârî’nin ailesi, sevenleri ve bağlılarıyla birlikte Amasya’ya göç etmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca Nigârî’ye bağlılığı ve müridi olmalarından ötürü onun yaşadığı yerde yaşamak istemeleri nedeniyle bir kısım Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaycan Türkünün Nigârî’nin izni/icazeti ile Amasya ve çevresine göçü başlattıkları, Nigârî’nin de son ikametgâhı olan Amasya’yı nihai yurtları olarak seçtikleri söylenebilir. Ancak Amasya ve çevresine göç eden bu toplulukların tamamının Nigârî’nin müridi, bağlıları veya sevenleri olduğu iddia edilmemektedir. Nigârî’nin mürit ve bağlıları, öncü olarak Amasya’da kendisini ziyaret edip yurtlarına döndüklerinde, Amasya’yı bölge halkına anlatmışlar, tanıtmışlardır. Ayrıca bölge halkı, kendi bölgesinden olan bu öncülerin Amasya’ya göç ettiklerini duymuştur. Bu şekilde bölge halkı Amasya’yı tanımış ve yurtlanmak için elverişli bir yer olduğuna kanaat getirmiştir. Zaten Rus işgal ve emperyalizminden bunalan ve özgürlük/azatlık arayan, Nigârî’nin müridi ve bağlıları olmayan yöre halkı da Amasya ve çevresine göç etmeye başlamıştır. Nihayetinde Mir Hamza Nigârî’nin Anadolu’ya hicret ederek Amasya’ya yerleşmesi, Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaycan Türklerinin Amasya bölgesine göçünü tetiklemiş ve yurtlanmak için Amasya ve çevresini tercih etmelerine neden olmuştur.
Amassia is an important cities in which many religious and ethnic elements migrated from different geographies throughout ancient history, and where religious and cultural diversity has been experienced. One of the geographical places where this city has a significant amount of migration is the Caucasus. From H. 490/1097, from Horasan, Hârezm, Iran and largely Azerbaijan geography to Amassia and its surroundings, various Turkish obes, Turkish tribes, recognized personalities, and especially mutasavvifs have been settled. One of the well-known mutasavvifs settled in this city is Mir Hamza Nigârî, who emigrated to Amasya in 1866. The well-known Turkish Obas are the Karakoyunly Azerbaijani Turks and Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks who recognized and migrated through Nigeria. Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijan Turkish Tayfans' historic horse houses from West/Garbi Azerbaijan to Amassia and its surroundings began after 1880, concentrated from 1890, reached the peak between 1896-1901, decreased after 1901, peyderpey lasted until the end of the years of World War II. In this context, the aim of the study is to track the reasons for the region’s preference to migrate and citizenship of Karapapak-Karakoyunlu Azerbaijani Turks, who have been forced to migrate from the historic West/Garbi Azerbaijani geography to Anadolu, especially to Amasia and its surroundings; in the relevant aspects, the role/influence of Mir Hamza Nigârî is revealed. The 16th of Russia. Since the century, when the people of the Caucasus have turned to the Caucasus and began to implement their occupational and imperialist policies in the region, they are faced with the danger of completely losing their independence, cultures and beliefs. Against this danger, the influential leaders of the Kamil people and the people's heroes of the region under the leadership of the Kuva-i Millions unions established in Anadolu in the style of the Gaza/Muridism freedom/azatism struggle has been launched. He is one of the leaders of Hâlidiya, who has taken his place in the Gaza Strip movement. From the work on this framework, it is expected that Nigerians and their affiliates, some of the Karakoyunlu and Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks will take their place in the Gaza movement and the movement will give an opportunity to understand the issue of triggering migration to Amasya. As far as it can be investigated in the area, it is found that the work that reveals the place of Mir Hamza Nigârî and the preferred reasons for the region among the obligatory migration causes of the Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Turkish Tayfans made from Azerbaijan geography to the Amasya region is almost extinct. Therefore, it can be said that the work will contribute to the area in its original size. The research is designed by quality research methods. The sample of the study consists of twenty-four persons over the age of 50 who are children of the Kazak-Borçalı-Dilican settlements in Garbi/West Azerbaijan and the surrounding areas of migrants to the Amasya and Baku region. The method of sampling of cartopus (chain) was used to determine participants. The data obtained through the semi-configured conversation technique was analyzed in a visual method. According to the research, the ancestors of the Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks, who migrated to the Gaza Freedom/Azzatism struggle that Nigerians gave in the Caucasus and Anatolia, may be said that they supported/participated with the local people. However, it is clear that from the area and the persons interviewed on the subject of the investigated community, it is not possible to identify the name of any group or person involved in the Gaza Movement. Nevertheless, the struggle of azatism has led Nigeri to migrate to Amassia with his family, loved ones and associates. Furthermore, because of their devotion to Nigeri and their discipline, they want to live where he lives, some of the Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks with the permission of Nigerians have begun their migration to Amassia and its surroundings, and they have chosen Amassia, which is the last residence of Nigerians as their final residence. But it is not claimed that all of these communities that migrated to Amassia and its surroundings are Nigerians' disciples, affiliates or lovers. The disciples and associates of Nigeri, first visiting him in Amasya and returning to his homes, told the people of the region, presented him. Also, the people of the region have heard that these pioneers from their region have migrated to Amassia. In this way, the people of the region have recognized Amasia and made it a convenient place for citizenship. The local people who are already deceived by Russian occupation and imperialism and seeking freedom/excellence, who are not Nigerian disciple and affiliates, have also begun to migrate to Amassia and its surroundings. Finally, the settlement of Mir Hamza Nigârî to Amasya by migrating to Anadolu, has caused Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks to migrate to the Amasya region and have caused them to prefer Amasya and its surroundings to reside.
Amasya is an important immigrant city where many religious and ethnic elements from different geographies migrated throughout its ancient history and where religious and cultural pluralism was experienced. The known Turkish tribes are the Karakoyunlu Azerbaijani Turks and Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks who recognised this city and migrated through Nigari. Migration of Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijani Turkish Crews from West/West Azerbaijan, their historical ancestral homeland, to Amasya and its surroundings started after 1880, intensified from 1890, reached its peak between 1896-1901, decreased after 1901 and gradually continued towards the end of the Second World War. In this context, the aim of the study is to trace the migration of the Karapapak-Karakoyunlu Azerbaijani Turks, who had to migrate from the historical West/West Azerbaijan geography to Anatolia, especially Amasya and its surroundings, and the reasons for their preference for the region; the aim is to reveal the role/effect of Mir Hamza Nigari within the motives in question. The Caucasian peoples faced the danger of completely losing their independence, culture and beliefs when Tsarist Russia turned to the Caucasus from the 16th century and started to implement its occupation and imperialist policies in the region. Against this danger, Gazavât/Muridism freedom struggle was started in the style of the Kuva-i Milliye units established in Anatolia under the leadership of the influential leaders of the wise men raised by the Halidiya branch of the Naqshbandi and the folk heroes of the region. Mir Hamza Nigari is one of the leaders of the Halidiya who took place in the Gazavât movement. In this context, the study is expected to realize Nigari and his followers taking part in the Gazavât movement of some Karakoyunlu and Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks and to give an opportunity to understand the issue of triggering-starting the migration to Amasya. As far as it can be researched, it is seen that there are almost no studies in the literature that reveal the place of Mir Hamza Nigari and the reasons for choosing the region among the reasons for the forced migration of Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Turkish crew from Azerbaijan to Amasya region. Therefore, it can be said that the study will make an original contribution to the field in this regard. The research was designed with a case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The sample of the study consists of twenty-four people over the age of 50 who are the children of those who migrated from the Kazakh-Borçalı-Dilican settlements of Garbi/Western Azerbaijan to the Amasya and Baku regions. Snowball (chain) sampling method was used to determine the participants. The data obtained through the semi-structured interview technique were analyzed with the descriptive method. As a result of the research, it can be said that the ancestors of the Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks, who migrated to Amasya, probably supported/participated in the Gazavât emancipation struggle of Nigâri in the Caucasus and Anatolia, together with the local people. However, it has been understood from the literature and the interviewees about the researched community that it is not possible to identify any group or person who participated in the Gazavât movement. Despite this, the struggle for emancipation caused Nigari to migrate to Amasya with his family, loved ones and adherents. In addition, it can be said that some Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks started the migration to Amasya and its surroundings with Nigari's permission/authorization, and they chose Amasya, Nigari's last residence, as their final homeland because of their devotion to Nigari and their desire to live in the place where he lived. However, it is not claimed that all of these communities who migrated to Amasya and its surroundings were followers, adherents or admirers of Nigari. When Nigari's followers visited him in Amasya as pioneers and returned to their homeland, they explained and introduced Amasya to the people of the region. In addition, the people of the region heard that the pioneers from their own region migrated to Amasya. In this way, the people of the region got to know Amasya and came to the conclusion that it was a suitable place to settle. The local people, who were already overwhelmed by the Russian occupation and imperialism, who were seeking freedom, who were not followers or adherents of Nigari, started to migrate to Amasya and its surroundings. Finally, Mir Hamza Nigari's migration to Anatolia and settling in Amasya triggered the migration of Karakoyunlu-Karapapak Azerbaijani Turks to the Amasya region and caused them to prefer Amasya and its surroundings for their homeland.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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