Özet:

The main goal of education is to develop people in accordance with their nature. The educational philosophies of Islamic philosophers are of interest in this respect. According to Al-Farabi, the dualist structure of man and his being composed of two different essences necessitate to base education on a dual structure. Therefore, people need to be trained both physically and spiritually and in different ways. Avicenna is not interested in the discussion of method in education, he is mainly concerned with spiritual education and only the metaphysical education part. The thought that there may be people who can no longer be educated and who can be dispensed with due to their habits and behaviors is unique to Al-Ghazali. According to Ibn Bâcce, there can be no ignorant people in a virtuous society, there can be a virtuous person in an ignorant society, but none of the competencies he possesses resonate with an ignorant society. Ibn Tufayl tries to reach the most appropriate idea by bringing the two disciplines together, instead of building his thought on only one of religion and philosophy. According to Averroes, only having knowledge about the physical world does not mean having all of it. For Ibn Khaldun, education is one of the arts, its development and strengthening depends on its cultivation as a faculty and it becomes perfect with a lot of repetition. The thoughts of Ghazali, Al-Kindi and Ibn Khaldun are common on the effects of society on the individual. The only Islamic thinker who cares most about individual differences in education is Ibn Khaldun.

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