Abstract:

Fluency (Fesahat) mainly means to be clear in speech and the statements are free from faults and the term fasih is used for those who speak and the speech like that. While it was used as the synonym of belagat in the sense of “eloquence” from the beginning until the fourth century hijri, from this century in question, the beauty of meaning began to be expressed with the term rhetoric (belagat), and the beauty of words with the term fluency (fesahat). After Cevherî in his work of es-Sıhâh introduces the meaning of the verb بَلَغَ, he mentions about the word “belagat” and said that fluency is the synonym of rhetoric. After Ebû Hilâl el-Askerî in his book of Kitâbu’s-Sınâateyn states that the concept of rhetoric means to reach a goal and explained about the meanings of “Declaration” (Tebliğ), Amount (Meblağ) and Exaggeration (Mübalağa), he explains that both rhetoric and fluency have the same meaning as “to explain and reveal the meaning” although they have different roots. Abdülkâhir el-Cürcânî et.al, thinks that rhetoric and fluency are synonyms. Sekkâkî, İbnü’l-Esîr et . al, attempted to save fluency from the effect of rhetoric. For that reason, they mentioned a different meaning for each of the words and they made the meanings they mentioned different from the others. According to this view, fluency is a part of rhetoric. In this case, each elocuent word should be fluent. Since an elucuent word is a whole, it would not be a whole without its part. If a part does not occur, a whole cannot be realized. In order for a speech to be considered fluent, is should be away from dissonance, in other words, the defect of being difficult to pronounce a word or sentence. For example, as in the word "kırkttırttım", it is difficult to pronounce it easily because the origins of the letters that make up the word are the same or close to each other. Although the words that make up the sentence are easy to pronounce when said alone, they can be difficult when they are combined with other words due to their origin unity or proximity. For instanceو قَبْرُ حَرْبٍ بِمَكانٍ قَفْر ولَيْسَ قُرْبَ قَبْرِ حَرْبٍ قَبْرُ (The grave of war is in an isolated place, there is no grave next to its grave). When the words “kabr”, “kafr”, “kurb” and “harb” that make up this couplet are uttered alone, there is no problem in their pronunciation; however, when they are uttered one after another, there occurs difficulty of expressing. It should be compared, i.e. the morphological structure of the word should be legal. It should be freed from “lafzı ta'kît”, which means to order the words that make up a sentence in a way that makes it difficult to understand the purpose. It should be free from the raspy pronounciation of a word or sentence, long words due to an extra word or syllable, za‘f-ı te'lîf, which means the order of the items that make up the phrase is contrary to the syntax rules, unnecessary repetations and literal flaws, which prevent fluency such as chained noun phrases. In addition to being free from literal flaws, speech should not have flaws specific to meaning such as garabet and manevi ta'kîd, which are known as the use of strange and rare words whose meanings are not used or heard by anyone, but only in dictionaries. Fluency, whose main element is speech, has a strong connection with language and linguistics. The reason for this is that studies to increase the use and expressive power of the language is among the tasks of linguistics. The way to increase the effect and power of the speech is to pay attention to the rules of rhetoric and fluency.