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Avrupa’da din savaşlarının neden olduğu kargaşaya tepki olarak ortaya çıkan doğal hukuk teorilerine göre insanlar doğarken, birbirleri üzerinde herhangi bir hâkimiyet/efendilik iddia edecek şekilde bir ayrıcalıkla doğmazlar. Bu hukuk teorileri Avrupa’da hâkimiyetin, bir kişinin keyfi iradesi yerine eşit şekilde özgür olan insanların rızasına dayanması gerektiği düşüncesini güçlendirmiş ve toplumun daha geniş kesimlerini seferber ederek Batı dünyasının siyasi hayatında radikal değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Batı’da yaşanan bu dönüşümün etkisiyle 19. yüzyılda halk egemenliği kavramı, Osmanlı Devleti’nin siyasi hayatına da girmiştir. Türkiye’de modern dönemle birlikte din-toplum ve din-siyaset ilişkilerinin neye benzediğinin tarihsel sosyolojik tespiti hem bugünün hem de geleceğin neye benzediği/benzeyeceği hakkında bize fikir vermesi açısından önemlidir. Dinî düşünürler, halk egemenliğini dinî terimlerle dinîleştirip halkı seferber etmek istemiştir. Türk dinî düşüncesi, halkı gerçekten kendi kendisinin efendisi yapmak gibi modern ahlaki bir düzeni amaçlamamıştır. Dinî düşünce, halkı kullanarak devleti kurtarmayı hedeflediği için halk egemenliği kavramına da araçsal bakmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda modern halk egemenliğinin, Türk dinî düşüncesine girişi ele alınacaktır. Çalışmamız nitel bir yaklaşımla, birer bilgi ifadesi olan halk egemenliği, meşrutiyet, cumhuriyet ve demokrasi kavramlarına ilişkin, dönemin dinî düşüncesini temsil ettiğini düşündüğümüz kişilerin yazdıkları metinler üzerinde, bu kavramların yorumlanmasından ibaret olacaktır.
According to the natural law theories that arise in Europe as a response to the confusion caused by religious wars, when people are born, they are not born with a privilege in such a way as to claim any sovereignty or sovereignty over each other. These theories of law have strengthened the idea that the rule in Europe should be based on the pleasure of the people who are equally free instead of the pleasant will of a person, and have led to radical changes in the political life of the Western world by moving the wider sections of society. With the influence of this transformation in the West in the 19th century, the concept of popular sovereignty entered the political life of the Ottoman State. The historical sociological determination of what the religious-social and religious-political relations are like in Turkey with the modern era is important in terms of giving us an idea of what the present and the future are like. They wanted to make the people worshipped, and they wanted to make the people worshipped. The Turkish religious thought did not intend a modern moral order as to make the people truly their own master. Religious thought, as it aimed to save the state by using the people, has also seen the concept of public sovereignty as a means. In this context, our work will address the entrance to the modern people’s sovereignty, the Turkish religious thought. Our work, with a quality approach, will be the interpretation of these concepts on the texts written by the persons we think represent the religious thought of the period, concerning the concepts of public sovereignty, legitimacy, republic and democracy, which are an expression of information.
According to natural law theories that emerged in response to the turmoil caused by religious wars in Europe; when people are born, they are not born with the privilege of claiming any sovereignty and mastery or lordship over each other. These theories of law has strengthened the notion that domination in Europe should be based on the consent of people who are equally free, rather than the arbitrary will of a single person and had caused radical changes in the political life of the western world by mobilizing broader sections of the society. In the 19th century, with the effect of this transformation in the West, the concept of popular sovereignty entered the political life of the Ottoman Empire. Determination of how look likes religion-society and religion-politics relations as per historical and sociological point of view is important for giving idea to us for getting an idea what it looks like today as well as how in the future of Turkey with the modern period. Religious thinkers wanted to mobilize the people by religiousizing the sovereignty in religious terms. Turkish religious thought did not aim at a modern moral order such as making the people truly their own Lord. Religious thought; since they aimed to save the state by using the people, they also looked at the concept of popular sovereignty instrumentally. In this context; in our study, introduction of modern popular sovereignty into The Turkish religious thought will be discussed. Our study with a qualitative approach will consist of interpreting of these concepts on the texts written by people we think represent the religious thought of the period regarding the concepts of public sovereignty, constitutionalism, republic and democracy.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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