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Arap dünyasında siyasi yozlaşma, baskıcı yönetim ve işsizlik gibi problemlere geniş kitlelerin tepki göstermesi ile başlayan Arap Baharı sürecinden Suriye de nasibini almış ve Mart 2011’de iç savaş başlamıştır. Suriye’de otoriter Esad rejimine karşı halkın özgürlük ve demokrasi talepleri ile başlayan protestoları, Şam yönetiminin şiddete başvurarak bastırmaya çalışması ülkeyi krize sürüklemiştir. Yerel güçlerin yanı sıra bölgesel ve küresel aktörlerin de iç savaşa dahil olmasıyla Suriye krizi günümüze kadar devam eden kaotik bir hale bürünmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, krizin en önemli aktörlerinden biri olan Rusya’nın Suriye politikasını analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda, iç savaş öncesi ilişkilerdeki tarihsel derinlik dikkate alınarak Rusya’nın Suriye krizine yönelik yaklaşımı incelenmiştir. Rusya’nın Suriye politikasını belirleyen temel dinamikler tespit edilerek Suriye’de barışın inşa edilmesi sürecinde Rusya’nın rolü değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, Rusya Suriye’ye yönelik izlediği politika sayesinde ulusal, bölgesel ve küresel hedeflerini gerçekleştirebilme noktasında zemin kazanarak dünya siyasetinde büyük güç statüsünü elde etmiştir.
In the Arab world, the Arab Spring process, which began with the response of large masses to problems such as political corruption, repressive governance and unemployment, took the fate of Syria, and in March 2011 the Civil War began. The protests in Syria against the authoritarian Assad regime began with the demands of freedom and democracy of the people, and the attempt of the Damascus government to suppress by applied violence has driven the country into crisis. With the involvement of local forces as well as regional and global actors in the civil war, the Syrian crisis has become a chaotic situation that continues until today. The aim of this study is to analyze the policy of Russia in Syria, which is one of the most important actors in the crisis. In this context, taking into account the historic depth of pre-war relations, the approach of Russia to the Syrian crisis has been examined. The main dynamics that determine Russia’s Syrian policy have been identified and the role of Russia in the process of building peace in Syria has been assessed. According to the study, Russia has achieved a great power status in world politics by gaining ground in the point of achieving its national, regional and global goals through its policy towards Syria.
Syria also got its share from the Arab Spring, which started with the reaction of large masses to problems such as political corruption, oppressive governance and unemployment in the Arab world, and the civil war started in March 2011. Damascus administration's efforts to suppress the protests against the authoritarian Assad regime, which started with the people's demands for freedom and democracy, by using violence led to crisis in the country. With the involvement of local powers in the civil war as well as regional and global actors, the Syrian crisis has turned into a chaotic state that has continued until today. The purpose of this study is to analyse Russia's Syria policy, which is one of the most important actors of the crisis. In this context, Russia's approach to the Syrian crisis has been examined, taking into account the historical depth in pre-civil war relations. The fundamental dynamics that determine Russia's Syria policy have been revealed and Russia's role in the peace building process in Syria has been evaluated. According to the results of the study, Russia has gained the status of great power in world politics by gaining ground to realize its national, regional and global goals thanks to its policy towards Syria.
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