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Birinci Dünya Harbi’nde Irak ve İran cepheleri birbiriyle ilişkili iki cephedir. Bunlardan büyük çaplı, uzun süreli ve kesintisiz muharebeler Irak cephesinde gerçekleşmiş, İran cephesi Irak cephesini tehdit etmesi bakımından önem kazanmıştır. Türk kuvvetleri Irak cephesinde İngiliz birlikleriyle muharebe ederken, İran cephesinde Rus kuvvetleri ile çatışmıştır. İran cephesi, Irak’ta muharebelerin gidişatı Osmanlı ordusu lehine gelişirken açılmıştır. Bu cephenin açılmasında, Rus kuvvetlerinin İran’ın kuzeyinden Irak cephesini tehdit eder mahiyette ilerlemesinin de payı olmuştur. Fakat cephe yalnız bu tehdidi bertaraf etmek gayesiyle açılmamıştır. Asıl gayeyi, tüm İran’ı kontrol altına alarak Orta Asya ve Hindistan’a kadar geniş bir bölgede İtilaf Devletleri aleyhine ayaklanmalara öncülük etmek oluşturmuştur. Amaç geniş kapsamlı olunca cephe için, tehdidi önleyecek seviyede savunma kuvveti yerine, İran’daki Rus kuvvetlerini imha etmeye yönelik taarruz kuvveti tahsis edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda Irak cephesindeki kuvvetlerin yarıya yakını İran cephesine kaydırılmış, böylece Irak cephesi zayıflatılıp İngilizlerin müteakip taarruzlarına açık hale getirilmiştir. Ayrıca İran cephesinde başarılı muharebelere ve İran içlerine kadar ilerlenmesine rağmen herhangi bir somut fayda sağlanamadan birlikler apar topar geri çekilmek zorunda bırakılmıştır. Bu makalede, her iki cephedeki gelişmeler bir bütünlük içerisinde ele alınacak, Osmanlı Devleti’ni Irak cephesinde muharebe gücünün zayıflamasını göze alarak İran’a kuvvet sevk etmeye zorlayan koşullar incelenecek ve bu uygulamanın sonuçları değerlendirilecektir. Çalışma için literatür taraması metodu ve nitel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır.
In the First World War, the fronts of Iraq and Iran are two fronts connected to each other. These large-scale, long-term and uninterrupted battles took place on the Iraqi front, and the Iranian front has gained importance in terms of threatening the Iraqi front. While the Turkish forces fought with British troops on the Iraqi front, they fought with Russian forces on the Iraqi front. The Iranian front was opened while the progress of the fighting in Iraq was developed in favor of the Ottoman army. In the opening of this front, it has also been a part of the progress of the Russian forces threatening the Iraqi front from the north of Iran. But the front was not opened for the purpose of removing this threat. The main goal was to lead rebellions against the Opposition States in a wide area up to Central Asia and India, taking over all Iran. When the objective was broad, the front was assigned to destroy the Russian forces in Iran, instead of the defence force at the level to prevent the threat. As a result, almost half of the forces on the Iraqi front were shifted to the Iranian front, thus the Iraqi front was weakened and made open to the British's counter-touch. Furthermore, despite the progress to the successful battles on the Iranian front and to the inside of Iran, the troops were forced to withdraw without any concrete benefit. In this article, the developments on both fronts will be discussed in integrity, the conditions that forced the Ottoman State to send force to Iran, taking into account the weakening of the fighting force on the Iraqi front, and the results of this implementation will be evaluated. Literature scan method and quality research model have been used for the study.
In the First World War, the Iraqi and Iranian fronts are two interrelated fronts.Of these, large-scales, long term and continuous battles took place on the Iraqi front, the Iranian front gained importance in terms of threatening the Iraqi front. While Turkish forces were fighting against British troops on the Iraqi front, they clashed with Russian forces on the Iranian front. The Iranian front was opened when the course of battles in Iraq developed in favour of the Ottoman army. The opening of this front, the Russian forces from the north of Iran threatened the Iraqi front was also contributed to the progress. However the front was not opened to eliminate this threat. The main objective was to lead the rebellions against the Entente States in a wide region up to Central Asia and India by controlling all of Iran. When the aim was far-reaching, an attack force allocated for the front to destroy the Russian forces in Iran, rather than a defensive force to prevent the threat. As a result, almost half of the forces on the Iraqi front were shifted to the Iranian front, thus the Iraqi front was weakened and made open to the British offensive. In addition, despite successful battles on the Iranian front and advancing into the interior of Iran, the forces were forced to retreat rapidly without any concrete benefits. In this article, the developments on both fronts will be discussed in integrity, the conditions that compel the Ottoman State to send forces to Iran by considering the weakening of combat power on the Iraqi front will be examined and the results of this application will be evaluated. Literature review method and qualitative research model have been used for the study
Alan : Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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