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Ken’ân Rifâî, 20. yüzyılın önemli sûfi şeyhlerinden birisidir. Tasavvufî görüşlerinde tevhid ve aşk vurgusu öne çıkan şeyh Ken’ân Rifâî, meşrebinde sahv unsuru galip gelen dengeli ve orta yolu takip etmiş bir sûfî portresi çizmektedir. Söz konusu denge hâli, onun din ve tasavvuf anlayışında da kendisini hissettirmektedir. Bu makalede, Osmanlı son dönem sûfî ve maârifçilerinden Ken’ân Rifâî’nin hayatı ve tasavvuf anlayışı ortaya konulacaktır. Bunun için öncelikle onun hayatı ve tasavvuf eğitiminin ayrıntıları hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Şeyh Ken’ân Rifâî, 1869 yılında Selânik’te dünyaya geldi. Filibe Hânedanı’na mensup olan Rifâî, 1876 Bulgar isyânı sırasında ailesi ile birlikte İstanbul’a gelerek Fatih semtine yerleşti. Galatasaray Lisesi’nden mezuniyetinin ardından, Bâbıâli’de görev aldıktan sonra, Maârif Nezâreti bünyesindeki kurumlarda çalışmaya başladı. Balıkesir’de başlayan memuriyet hayatı boyunca, Anadolu’dan Balkanlara, İstanbul’dan Medine’ye kadar birçok vilayette Maârif müdürlüğü, idarecilik ve müfettişlik gibi vazifelerde bulunan Ken’ân Rifâî, bu süre zarfında iki tarikattan seyr ü sülûkunu tamamladı. Filibeli Ethem Efendi’den Kadiri icazeti ve Medine Şeyhü’l-Meşâyıhı Hamza er-Rifâî’den, Rifâî icazeti alarak, 1908 yılından itibaren Fatih semtindeki Ümmü Ken’ân Dergâhında resmi olarak şeyhlik görevine başladı. Meclis-i Meşâyıh’a bağlı bir şeyh olarak on yedi yıl boyunca irşad faaliyetlerine devam eden Rifâî, yazdığı eserler ve bestelediği ilahilerle tasavvuf literatürüne ve tekke kültürüne önemli katkılarda bulundu. Ken'ân Rifâî, tekkelerin ilgası ile ilgili kararı, Hakk'ın bir tecellisi olarak kabul ederek 1925 yılında tekke faaliyetlerine son vermiştir. Ken’ân Rifâî Osmanlı Devleti’nin geleneksel ve modern eğitim kurumlarında yetişmiş bir eğitimci ve mutasavvıftır. Onun hayatı ve tasavvuf anlayışını incelemek, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde tasavvuf hareketlerini anlamaya da imkân vermektedir.
Sheikh Ken'an Rifâi, who outstands the unity and love in his Sufi views, draws a portrait of a Sufi that has a conscious personality and follows a balanced and middle way. This state of balance makes itself felt in Rifâi’s understanding of religion and Sufism. In this article, I will examine the understanding of Sufism and life of Ken'an Rifâi, one of the Late Ottoman Sufis and educators. Ken'ân Rifâi, a member of the Plovdiv Dynasty, was born in Salonika, in 1867. During the Bulgarian ethnic rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, Ken'an Rifâî moved to Istanbul with his family in 1876. Having graduated from Galatasaray High School, he worked for a short time at governmental offices of Sublime Porte. He then became a high-ranking administrator and teacher under the Ministry of Education. He was appointed in various cities of the Empire from Anatolia to the Balkans such as Balikesir, Adana, Bitola, Kosovo, and Trabzon. Ken'ân Rifâî received his Qadiri license from Sheikh Ethem Efendi and his Rifâî license from Sheikh Hamza Efendi. Upon his return to Istanbul, he built a Sufi lodge adjacent to his mansion and became an official sheikh registered in the Ottoman Council of the Sheikh in 1908. Ken'an Rifâi continued to train his followers for seventy years. With his written work and compositions, he had a significant contribution to the literature and culture of the Sufi tradition. He closed his lodge in 1925 with the Republican ban of Sufi orders without any opposition as he considered it as the will of God. Ken'an Rifâi is an educator and sheikh of the 20th century. It is important to examine Rifâi’s life and understanding of Sufism in order to better reflect on the Late Ottoman Sufy movements.
Sheikh Ken’ân Rifâî, who outstands the unity and love in his Sufi views, draws a portrait of a Sufi that has a conscious personality and following a balanced and middle way. This state of balance makes itself felt in Rifâî's understanding of religion and Sufism. In this article, I will examine the understanding of Sufism and life of Ken’ân Rifâî, one of the Late Ottoman Sufis and educators. Ken’ân Rifâî, a member of Plovdiv Dynasty, was born in Salonika, in 1867. During the Bulgarian ethnic rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, Ken’ân Rifâî moved to Istanbul with his family in 1876. Having graduated from Galatasaray High School, he worked for a short time at governmental offices of Sublime Porte. He then became a high-ranking administrator and teacher under the Ministry of Education. He was appointed in various cities of the Empire from Anatolia to the Balkans such as Balikesir, Adana, Bitola, Kosovo, and Trabzon. Ken’ân Rifâî received his Qadiri license from Sheikh Ethem Efendi and his Rifâî license from Sheikh Hamza Efendi. Upon his return to Istanbul, he built a Sufi lodge adjacent to his mansion and became an official sheikh registered in the Ottoman Council of the Sheikh in 1908. Ken’ân Rifâî continued to train his followers for seventeen years. With his written work and compositions, he had a significant contribution to the literature and culture of the Sufi tradition. He closed his lodge in 1925 with the Republican ban of Sufi orders without any opposition as he considered it as the will of God. Ken’ân Rifâî is an educator and sheikh of the 20th century. It is important to examine Rifâî's life and understanding of Sufism in order to better reflect on the Late Ottoman Sufi movements.
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