Ticari dışa açıklık, küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle beraber önem kazanan ve uluslararası ekonomiye entegre olmayı ifade eden, toplumsal refahın gerçekleştirilmesine katkıda bulunan önemli bir kavram olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ticari dışa açıklığın refah göstergelerinden insani gelişmişlik üzerine olan etkisinin V4 Ülkeleri kapsamında saptanması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada 1995 ile 2014 yılları arası veriler kullanılarak dengeli panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak UNDP tarafından yayınlanan İnsani Gelişme Endeksi yer almaktadır. Çalışmada bağımsız değişkenlerden ticari açıklık göstergesi olarak ticari dışa açıklık oranı (ihracat+ithalat/GSYİH) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca kamu sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH içindeki payı, kamu eğitim harcamalarının GSYİH içindeki payı, enflasyon oranı, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, ekonomik büyüme oranı ve nüfus artışı gibi açıklayıcı değişkenler çalışmada yer almaktadır. Çalışmada V4 ülkeleri olarak nitelendirilen Çekya, Polonya, Slovakya ve Macaristan’da ticari dışa açıklığın insani gelişmişliği pozitif yönde etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Commercial outward transparency is described as an important concept that has gained importance along with the influence of globalization and that represents integration into the international economy, contributing to the achievement of social welfare. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of commercial external transparency on human development from well-being indicators within the framework of the V4 countries. The study conducted a balanced panel data analysis using data between 1995 and 2014. The study includes the Human Development Index published by the UNDP as a dependent variable. In the study, the trade outward transparency ratio (export+export/GDP) was used as an indicator of trade transparency from independent variables. In addition, the public health expenditure’s share in GDP, the public education expenditure’s share in GDP, the inflation rate, foreign capital direct investments, economic growth rate and population growth are included in the study. The study found that in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary, which are called the V4 countries, commercial outdoors have a positive impact on human development.
Trade openness is considered as an important concept that contributes to the realization of social welfare, which gains importance with the impact of globalization and expresses integration with the international economy. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of trade openness on welfare indicators on human development within V4 Countries. In this study, balanced panel data analysis was performed by using the data of 1995-2014 period. In the analysis, the Human Development Index published by UNDP was used as the dependent variable and the trade openness ratio (export + import / GDP) was used as an indicator of trade openness from independent variables. In addition, explanatory variables such as the share of public health expenditures in GDP, the share of public education expenditures in GDP, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, economic growth rate and population growth were also included in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that trade openness affects human development positively in Czech, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary, which are defined as V4 countries.
Alan : Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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