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Toprak erozyonu yeryüzünün şekillenmesinde etkili olan bir doğa olayıdır. Ancak, erozyonun insan tarafından hızlandırılması bir sorundur. Erozyon sorunu tarım topraklarının verimsizleşmesine ve zamanla yok olmasına sebep olur. Bu sorun engebeli bir topografyaya ve uzun bir yerleşme tarihine sahip Türkiye’de daha da belirgindir. Bu sebeple sorunun boyutunun belirlenmesi ve çözülmesi için ayrıntılı saha çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada Melet Irmağı Havzası’nın erozyon riski incelenmiştir. Melet Irmağı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin, Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz bölümlerini birbirinden ayıran önemli bir akarsudur. Karagöl Dağları’nın batıya bakan yamaçlarından doğar ve Ordu Şehir merkezinden Karadeniz’e dökülür. Akarsuyun su toplama alanı 2006 km2’dir. Havza doğudan ve güneyden Giresun Dağları’nın, batıdan ise Canik Dağları’nın üzerinden geçen su bölümü çizgileri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Havzanın erozyon riski ICONA yöntemine yükseklik ve toprak derinliği verileri katılarak geliştirilen MICONA modeli kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışma hazırlanırken arazi gözlemleri, CBS teknolojileri bir arada kullanılmıştır. Modelde kullanılan NDVI (bitki örtüsü yoğunluğu), arazi kullanımı, anakaya, toprak derinliği, yükseklik ve eğimden oluşan temel raster veriler, arazi çalışmalarından, uydu görüntülerinden ve çeşitli devlet kuruluşlarının dokümanlardan derlenmiştir. MICONA modeline göre havzanın %25,2’si çok yüksek, %20,1’i yüksek ve %27,2’si orta derecede erozyon riski taşımaktadır. Buna karşılık, havzanın %17,2’sinde erozyon riski düşük, %10,3’ünde ise çok düşük çıkmıştır. Sahada erozyon riski en yüksek alanlar yukarı çığırda Karagöl batısında yoğunlaşır. Mesudiye batısında topografya sadeleşir, erozyon riski düşer. Orta çığırda kıyı dağlarının yükselmesi arızalı yapıyı, eğimi ve yağış miktarlarını artırır. Bu alanda erozyon riski yüksektir. Aşağı çığırda beşeri baskının artması karşısında, yüksekliklerin azalması ile orta ve düşük riskli alanlar yaygındır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, arazi kullanımındaki problemler ile yüksek yağış ve engebeli topoğrafya gibi doğal ortam özellikleri havzada erozyon riskini artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle çok yüksek ve yüksek riskli alanlarda arazi kullanımı yeniden düzenlenmeli; ormanın tahrip edildiği kısımlar ağaçlandırılmalı ve mera alanlarındaki aşırı otlatma kontrol altına alınmalıdır.
Soil erosion is an incident that is effective in shaping the surface. However, the acceleration of erosion by man is a problem. Erosion problem causes agricultural lands to become infertile and disappear over time. This problem is even more pronounced in Turkey which has a rugged topography and a long history of settlement. Therefore, detailed field studies are needed to determine the size of the problem and to solve it. In this study, the risk of erosion of the Melet River Basin was investigated. The Melet River is an important river that separates the Central and Eastern Black Sea divisions of the Black Sea Region. It emerges from the west-facing slopes of the Karagöl Mountains and flows into the Black Sea from Ardu City Center. The catchment area of the river is 2006 km2. The basin is bounded by the water section lines passing through the Giresun Mountains from the south and the east and the water section lines passing through the Canik Mountains from the west. Erosion risk of the basin was investigated by using the MICONA model developed by adding height and soil depth data to the ICONA method. While preparing the study, field observations, GIS technologies were used together. The basic raster data used in the model which NDVI (vegetation density), land use, bedrock, soil depth, height and slope are compiled from field studies, satellite images and documents of various government organizations. According to the MICONA model, 25.2% of the basin is very high, 20.1% is high and 27.2% has moderate erosion risk. In return, 17 2% of the basin has a low erosion risk and a very low erosion risk of 10.3%. The areas with the highest erosion risk in the area are concentrated upper course of the basin where in the west of Karagöl. In the west of Mesudya, the topography is simplified and the risk of erosion decreases. The rise of the coastal mountains in the middle course of the basin increases the hilly ground, slope and precipitation. This area has a high risk of erosion. Medium and low risk areas are common in the lower course of the basin where decrease in height opposite to increased human pressure. According to the results of the study, the problems in the land use and the natural environment features such as high precipitation and rugged topography increases the risk of erosion in the basin. Therefore, land use should be rearranged in very high and high risk areas; destroyed parts of the forest should be forested and overgrazing should be controlled in pasture areas.
Soil erosion is an incident that is effective in shaping the surface. However, the acceleration of erosion by man is a problem. Erosion problem causes agricultural lands to become infertile and disappear over time. This problem is even more pronounced in Turkey which has a rugged topography and a long history of settlement. Therefore, detailed field studies are needed to determine the size of the problem and to solve it. In this study, the risk of erosion of the Melet River Basin was investigated. The Melet River is an important river that separates the Central and Eastern Black Sea divisions of the Black Sea Region. It emerges from the west-facing slopes of the Karagöl Mountains and flows into the Black Sea from Ordu City Center. The catchment area of the river is 2006 km2. The basin is bounded by the water section lines passing through the Giresun Mountains from the south and the east and the water section lines passing through the Canik Mountains from the west. Erosion risk of the basin was investigated by using the MICONA model developed by adding height and soil depth data to the ICONA method. While preparing the study, field observations, GIS technologies were used together. The basic raster datas used in the model which NDVI (vegetation density), land use, bedrock, soil depth, height and slope are compiled from field studies, satellite images and documents of various government organizations. According to MICONA model, 25.2% of the basin is very high, 20.1% is high and 27.2% has moderate erosion risk. In return, 17.2% of the basin has a low erosion risk and a very low erosion risk of 10.3%. The areas with the highest erosion risk in the area are concentrated upper course of the basin where in the west of Karagöl. In the west of Mesudiye, the topography is simplified and the risk of erosion decreases. The rise of the coastal mountains in the middle course of the basin increases the hilly ground, slope and precipitation. This area has a high erosion risk. Medium and low risk areas are common in the lower course of the basin where decrease in height opposite to increased human pressure. According to the results of the study, the problems in the land use and the natural environment features such as high precipitation and rugged topography increases the risk of erosion in the basin. Therefore, land use should be rearranged in very high and high risk areas; destructed parts of the forest should be forested and overgrazing should be controlled in pasture areas.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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