Abstract:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through base-pairing predominantly with a 3-untranslated region of target mRNA, followed by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Totally, miRNAs change, through a complex regulatory network, the expression of more than 60% of human genes. MiRNAs are key regulators of the immune response that affect maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells, as well as antibody secretion and release of inflammatory mediators. In this review, we generally discuss miRNAs, its types and its role in the regulation of the immune system and the autoimmune inflammatory process, focusing on the participation of miRNA-146 in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), Rhumatoid arthritis and Type-I diabetes mellitus. Disruption of this regulation may lead to the development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmune inflammation. Special attention is given to the role of miRNA-146 in the autoimmune inflammation in multiple sclerosis, Rhumatoid arthritis and Type-I diabetes mellitus. This study concluded that, dysregulation of miR-146 and its target genes was one of the main causes for many autoimmune diseases our findings indicate a significant association of decreased miR-146 expression and the sustained immune imbalance in multiple sclerosis, Rhumatoid arthritis and Type-I diabetes mellitus. 

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