Abstract:

The Ottoman Empire entered into a series of trade agreements with European states, especially Britain, starting in 1838 and continuing over the century. Thus, the state could not pursue an independent foreign trade policy and lost the opportunity to raise customs tariffs to protect domestic industry. In XIX century, the state made some attempts at industrialization, but the desired result was not achieved. Before the First World War, industrialization attempts in the Ottoman Empire were very puny in open economic conditions. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the decline in industrial production in Manisa in the face of European industrial products in open economic conditions. Artisans largely covered the production of finished goods in Manisa. Craft-based production resisted imported industrial goods, while on the one hand it tried to adapt itself to the new situation. Manisa has experienced these transformations more intensively since it is located in the western Anatolia region, which has a close commercial relationship with Europe. Especially in the textile sector, traditional crafts such as leather and shoemaking have continued their activities using imported production input. The liberality in the foreign trade has provided the development of agriculture, and especially led to a trend of a fast decrease in the textile product which was outside the agriculture sector. 

Keywords: