Abstract:

Purpose: Endotelin (ET-1) is a strong vazo-constructor role in the cardiovascular system as well as manifests itself in many physiological events. It is believed that the ET-1 expression is an important function for both breastfeeding and newborns, especially because it occurs during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In this study, the aim was to study the effects of ET-1 on the breast using the ET-1 transgenic mouse model. A comparative study was conducted to study the effect of ET-1 in different physiological conditions of the breast tissue (adolescence, pregnancy, lactation and involusion). Parallel cuts from the breast tissues were prepared and microscopic examination was carried out with hematoxylene-eosine (HE) painting. The Western blot technique was used in the analysis of signal proteins (STAT5, ACT, STAT3) which have important tasks in breast development and non-metabolism. Genes known to have a key role in metabolic activities (WAP, beta-casein, GLUT-1, SRBF-1 Claudin 8, IL-6, LIF) were analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Results: Patological findings such as secretional damage, lactational insufficiency and early involusion were identified in ET-1 transgenic mice, respectively. In the transgenic group, the activation of STAT5 was not affected by this condition, but there was a decline in the ACT protein levels. STAT3 activation observed in the inflation was detected in transgenic mice on the 3rd day of lactation. Furthermore, RT-PCR analyses have found that the high ET-1 expression in transgenic mice is associated with the ol-rack WAP being pressed and the LIF protein expression has increased significantly. Result: It is believed that ET-1 expressed only during pregnancy and breastfeeding is an important function for breastfeeding and newborns. The high expression of ET-1 has caused laktational insufficiency by directly affecting the synthesis of genes known to be important in breast physiology. This study found that ET-1 regulation plays a critical role in the development of the breast gland and the function of milk secretion.

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Abstract:

Objective: Alongside its role as a potent vasoconstrictor in the cardio-vascular system, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in numerous physio-logical processes. Its expression is thought to be an important function for both breastfeeding and newborns since it occurs especially during pregnancy and lactation. In this study, we projected the effects of ET-1 on mammary gland physiology employing ET-1 transgenic mice. Material and Method: In this study, we compared the mammary glands of ET-1 transgenic mice with the control mice in different physiological states (adolescence, pregnant, lactation and involution). Parallel sections were prepared from mammary glands and microscopic examinations were performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-staining. Western blot techniques were used in the analysis of signal proteins that have important functions in mam-mary gland development and the metabolism (STAT5, AKT, STAT3). Genes known to play a key function in metabolic activities (WAP, beta casein, GLUT-1, SRBF-1 Claudin 8, IL-6, LIF) were analyzed em-ploying real-time PCR techniques. Results: It was determined that ET-1 transgenic mice developed pathological conditions such as secretory damage, lactational failure and early involution, respectively. Our Western blot studies showed that STAT5 activation was not affected by this process in the trans-genic group, but a decrease in AKT protein level was detected. We detected STAT3 activation seen in the involution process in trans-genic mice only on the 3rd day of lactation. In addition, we found that WAP was suppressed due to high ET-1 expression and that LIF protein expression increased significantly, by real-time PCR analysis. Conclusion: ET-1 expression is thought to be an important func-tion for both lactation and newborns, especially during pregnancy and lactation. In this study, it was found that when ET-1 expression increases, it causes lactation failure in the mammary gland and directly affects the synthesis of genes known to be important in mammary physiology. Hereby, it was determined that the regulation of ET-1 plays a critical role in the development and secretory function of the mammary gland.