Abstract:

Until 1989, Iraq was one of the countries that implemented the Anglo-Saxon system (the unified judiciary) (1), that is, the system based on granting the ordinary judiciary general jurisdiction over all judicial disputes, unless it was excluded from it by a special provision, and disputes that arise between individuals themselves or between individuals are considered on the one hand. And the administrative authorities on the other hand, or between the administrative authorities with each other, whether the administrative authorities have acted in the matter at issue in the dispute as a public authority or as an ordinary individual or as any person of private law. A refuge from the arbitrariness of the administration or its infringement of a right he has or one of his freedoms without an existing right. (2)

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