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Tarih, toplumların geçmişle bağlantısını kuran, geçmişten ders çıkarmasına yardımcı olan ve geleceğe dönük adımlar atmasında yolunu aydınlatan bir bilim dalıdır. İslâm toplumunda bu alandaki çalışmalar her ne kadar hadislerin toplanması kapsamında daha önceden başlamışsa da Emevîler dönemi, müstakil anlamda tarih çalışmalarının ilk örneklerinin ortaya çıktığı süreç olmuştur. Toplumları yönetme sanatı olan siyaset ile tarih ilmi arasındaki ilişki inkâr edilemez. Geçmişten bu yana siyasetçiler, tarihçilerle devamlı iletişim kurmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Bu ilişki, tarafların durumuna göre bazen olumlu bazen de olumsuz bir seyir izlemiştir. Zira kimi siyasetçiler tarihe ve tarihçiye, bilgi alma ve danışma amacıyla yaklaşırken, kimi siyasetçiler ise tarihi ve tarihçiyi, toplumu yönlendirme vasıtası olarak kullanmıştır. Bu durum, İslâm dünyasında da benzer bir görüntü ortaya koymuştur. Emevîler dönemi, İslâm tarihinde önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Zira bu dönem, İslâm toplumunda sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik alanlarda köklü değişimlerin yaşandığı ve ardından da derin ayrılıkların kendisini gösterdiği bir zaman dilimi olmuştur. Emevî halifelerinin, muhalif seslere karşı gösterdiği hoşgörüsüz tavır ve Müslüman toplumun değer verdiği bazı önemli şahısları öldürmüş olmaları, Müslümanlar nazarında bu dönemin olumsuz bir imaj kazanmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu olumsuz imaj sebebiyle de dönemle ilgili bazı konular objektif bir şekilde ele alınamamıştır. Dikkâtli bir incelemeden sonra Emevîler döneminin, sadece fetihler ve muhalif hareketlerle mücadelenin yaşandığı bir zaman dilimi olmadığı görülecektir. Zira İslâm toplumunda ilmî alanda yaşanan birçok gelişmenin temeli de bu dönemde atılmıştır. Ancak kaynaklar incelendiği zaman, tarihçilerin siyasî olaylarda fiilen yer almasının örneklerinin çok az olduğu görülecektir. Bununla birlikte onlar, tarihle ilgili eserlerinde, tartışmalı siyasî olaylara bol miktarda değinmişlerdir. Bu makalede, Emeviler dönemindeki tarih çalışmaları ve tarih alanında çalışan kişilerin, siyasetle ilişkileri ele alınacaktır. Böylece, dönemin siyasî olayları ile tarih çalışmaları arasındaki ilişkiye mercek tutulacak ve bu süreçte tarihçilerin, siyasî olaylara bakışları ve bu bakış açısının olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri incelenecektir. Bu çalışmalar, Abbâsiler döneminde zirveye ulaşmıştır. Dolayısıyla Abbasîler döneminde medeniyet alanında yaşanan gelişmelerde Emevîlerin rolü inkâr edilemez. Bu çalışma, sadece Emeviler dönemiyle sınırlı kalacak ve bu dönemdeki tarih ve siyaset anlayışı arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alacaktır. Zira bu konu, günümüzde faydalandığımız birçok İslâm tarihi kaynağının doğru bir şekilde değerlendirilmesinde bize yeni bir bakış açısı kazandıracak ve tarih bilgilerinde ideolojinin etkisini ortaya koyacaktır. Nitekim toplumlar, geçmişten aldıkları dersler ile geleceğe dönük sağlam adımlar atabilirler. Bu sebeple tarihin, olumsuz etkilerden temizlenerek objektif bir şekilde incelenmesi gerekmektedir.
History is a discipline of science that connects societies with the past, helps them learn from the past and illuminates the way in taking steps towards the future. The work in this area in Islamic society, although the collection of the hadiths began before, the Emevian period was the process in which the first examples of historical work appeared in particular. The relationship between politics and history, which is the art of managing societies, cannot be denied. Since the past, politicians have preferred to constantly communicate with historians. This relationship, depending on the situation of the parties, has followed a positive and sometimes negative journey. For some politicians approach history and historian, for information and consultation, while some politicians use history and historian as a means of guidance of society. This has shown a similar image in the Islamic world. The period of Emevîs is an important turning point in the history of Islam. For this period has been a period of time in which radical changes have occurred in the social, political and economic spheres in the Islamic society, and then deep separations have manifested themselves. The unbearable attitude of the Emevi Khalifa against the opposition voices and the murder of some of the important persons that the Muslim community appreciates have caused Muslims to gain a negative image of this period in Nazareth. Because of this negative image, some issues related to the period have not been addressed objectively. After a thorough examination, it will be seen that the Emevian period is not a time period in which the struggle with the conquests and opposition movements is experienced. There is a great deal of Islamic worlds that have been founded in this period. But when the sources are examined, it will be seen that there are very few examples of historical participation in political events. However, they have, in their history-related works, referred to a lot of controversial political events. This article will discuss the historical work of the Emevian period and the relations of people working in the field of history with politics. Thus, the relationship between the political events of the period and the historical studies will be kept in mind, and in this process the views of historians on political events and the positive and negative effects of this view will be studied. These works have reached the peak in the Abbey period. Therefore, the role of the Emevians in the evolution of civilization in the Abbasian period cannot be denied. This study will only be limited to the Emevian period and will address the relationship between the history and political understanding of this period. For this topic will give us a new perspective in the correct assessment of many Islamic historical sources we are currently taking advantage of and will reveal the influence of ideology in history. In fact, the societies can take strong steps towards the future with the lessons they get from the past. Therefore, the history should be objectively studied by cleaning from the negative effects.
History is a branch of science that connects societies with the past, helps them learn from the past, and enlightens the way for the future. Although the studies in this field in Islamic society have already begun within the scope of the collection of hadiths, the Umayyad period was the process in which the first examples of historical studies emerged. The relationship between politics, the art of governing societies, and the science of history cannot be denied. Since the past, politicians have preferred to establish continuous communication with historians. This relationship was sometimes positive or negative depending on the situation of the parties. Because some politicians have approached history and historian for information and counseling, while some politicians have used history and historian as a means of guiding society. This situation showed a similar appearance in the Islamic world. The Umayyad period was an important turning point in the history of Islam. This period has been a period in which Islamic society has undergone radical changes in social, political and economic fields, followed by deep divisions. The intolerance of the Umayyad caliphs against the opposing voices and the fact that they killed some important people whom the Muslim community valued, led to a negative image of this period for Muslims. Because of this negative image, some issues related to the period could not be addressed objectively. After careful consideration, it will be seen that the Umayyad period was not a period of time in which only the conquests and opposition movements took place. The foundation of many developments in the scientific field in Islamic society was laid in this period. However, when the sources are examined, it will be seen that there are very few examples of the fact that historians are actually involved in political events. However, in their works on history, they have mentioned abundantly the controversial political events. In this article, historical studies in the Umayyad period and the relations of the people working in history with politics will be discussed. Thus, the relationship between the political events of the period and the studies of history will be examined and in this process, historians will be faced with political events and the positive and negative effects of this perspective will be examined. These studies reached the peak during the Abbasid period. Therefore, the role of Umayyads in the developments in the field of civilization during the Abbasid period cannot be denied. This study will be limited to the Umayyad period and will deal with the relationship between history and politics in this period. Because this issue will give us a new perspective in the correct evaluation of the many sources of Islamic history that we have benefited today and will reveal the effect of ideology in historical knowledge. As a matter of fact, societies can take solid steps towards the future with lessons learned from the past. For this reason, history should be cleaned objectively and examined objectively.
Field : İlahiyat
Journal Type : Ulusal
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