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Osmanlı Devleti bünyesinde yaşayan toplulukları, din veya mezhep esasına göre örgütlenen Millet Sistemi ile yönetmiştir. Bu yönetimde hukuki olarak tamamen özgür azınlıklar aldıkları imtiyazlarla ayrıcalıklı sınıf oluşturmuşlardır. Bu ayrıcalıklar sayesinde Avrupa’da eğitim alma imkanını bulmuşlardır. Osmanlı topraklarında açılan misyoner okulları, Rum isyanlarının karargâhı olmuştur. Fener Rum Patrikhanesi, Bizans İmparatorluğu’nu yeniden canlandırmak amacıyla, dini nüfuzunu kullanarak ülkenin her yerinde isyan faaliyetlerinin merkezi olmuştur. Patrik Dorothes İstanbul’un işgalinden sonra, Rum okullarında Türkçe okutmayı yasaklamış ve kendilerini Türk uyruğundan çıkardıklarını ve Osmanlı devleti ile tüm ilişkilerini kestiklerini açıklamıştır. Avrupalı Devletler desteğiyle çıkarılan isyanlar yaşanılan olaylar bu toplulukların bir arada yaşayamayacağını göstermiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’ne her fırsatta azınlıkların haklarını savunmak bahanesiyle yapılan müdahaleler Türk Ulus Devleti olgusunu güçlendirmiştir. Lozan’daki protokol ile Ortodoks Rumlar ile Ortodoks Türkler isteğe bakılmaksızın değiştirilmiştir. Yaşanan zorunlu göç ile Anadolu topraklarında yine büyük bir dram yaşanmıştır. Daha büyük bir dram ise Türk olmalarına rağmen Hıristiyan oldukları için yurt dışına gönderilen ve orada da Türk oldukları için dışlanan Türkler. Tüm Anadolu halkı için bu konu çok hassas ve aynı zamanda oldukça öneme haizdir. Konu incelenirken kendi döneminin şartları altında değerlendirilmesi, konuya objektif bir bakışın oluşması için önemlidir.
The Ottoman State governed the communities living within, by the national system organized according to religion or religion. In this rule, the legal minorities have formed a privileged class with the privileges they receive. Through these privileges, they found the opportunity to study in Europe. The missionary schools opened in the Ottoman territory have become the headquarters of the Rom rebels. Fener Rum Patriarchate has been the center of rebellion activities throughout the country, using its religious influence, in order to revive the Byzantine Empire. After the occupation of Istanbul, Patrik Dorothes banned the teaching of Turkish in the Rom school and declared that they had removed themselves from the Turkish custody and cut all their relations with the Ottoman state. The rebellious events with the support of European states showed that these communities could not live together. The interventions made to the Ottoman State with the excuse to defend the rights of minorities in every opportunity have strengthened the fact of the Turkish National State. The Protocol in Lozan and the Orthodox Romans and the Orthodox Turks were voluntarily modified. With the forced immigration, a great drama has again occurred in the Anatolian territory. A bigger drama is the Turks who were sent abroad because they were Christians and excluded there because they were Turkish. This is very sensitive and at the same time very important for all the people of Anatolia. The assessment of the subject under the conditions of its own period is important for the formation of an objective view of the subject.
The communities who were living within the Ottoman Empire were governed by the “Nation System” which is organised on religious or sect basis. Legally free minorities had privileges and because of this there constitued a priviliged class. Through these privileges, they had the opportunity to study in Europe. In particular, the Greeks and Armenians obtained international concessions in the Ottoman Empire. The given priviliges have made them richer and privileged citizens. Revolts by minorities paved the way for independent states. The first exchange began with the independence of the Bulgarian State. Turks, Muslims and Albanians forced to go back to Anatolia. Balkan Turks were the ones most affected by the great migration. The events that took place during the National War made migration compulsory. There are complaints about many Armenian and Greek citizens who assist Greek forces. In the end Turks and Greeks ended the war of 9 years at the Lausanne Conference. It ended all kind of juidical, political and commercial exchange issues. Article 42 of the Lausanne convention regulated the rights of minorities in Turkey. Committees have been set up to investigate forced returns and it has been agreed that Greek officials will be seated on these committees. The issue of the exchange is very sensitive for all the Anatolian people and at the same time very important.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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