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Tarih öncesi çağlardan itibaren başladığı kabul edilen kurban geleneği, yüzyıllar içinde değişerek, dönüşerek ve gelişerek günümüze kadar gelmiş olan ve bundan sonra da etkisini devam ettirecek bir gelenektir. Manevi bir odak için kan dökülmesi suretiyle gerçekleştirilen kanlı kurban, toplumumuzda tercih edilen yaygın kurban biçimidir. Ancak toplumumuzun inanç pratikleri içinde kanlı kurban yanında kansız kurban geleneğinin de aktif kodlarını okumak mümkündür. Kansız kurban geleneğinin yoğun bir şekilde görüldüğü yerlerden biri de Tunceli’dir. Eski çağlardan itibaren pek çok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapan Tunceli ili köklü bir inanç yapısı ve ritüelleri olan bir yerleşim yeridir. Yöre insanı, dini törenler esnasında, kutsal günlerde ve aracısız bir şekilde Hakk’a yakarmak, dileğini iletmek istediğinde mutlaka un, tere yağı, su veya süt karışımı ile yoğrulan bir çeşit çörek olan niyazı pişirmekte ve dağıtmaktadır. Kutsal niyaz ekmeği aile bireylerine, akrabalara ve komşulara dağıtıldığı gibi kutsal mekanlarda çeşitli kuruyemişler ve meyve ile birlikte halihazırda orada bulunan kişilere de dağıtılmaktadır. Niyaz dağıtma, pişirilmesine niyet edilmesinden itibaren çeşitli manevi aşamalar ve eylem biçimleri içeren bir ritüeldir. Bu çalışmada Tunceli yöresinde çok eski dönemlerden itibaren görülen kansız kurban geleneği ve bu gelenek içinde yer alan niyaz dağıtma pratiği ele alınmıştır. Yörede kutsal niyaz ekmeğinin yapıldığı zamanlar, dağıtıldığı mekanlar ve bu uygulama sırasında gerçekleştirilen ritüeller değerlendirilmeye tabi tutularak bu dinsel pratiğin halkın inanç sistemi içindeki yeri açıklığa kavuşturulmuştur.
The presumed sacrifice tradition, which began from prehistoric ages, is a tradition that has evolved, transformed and evolved over centuries and has come to the present day and will continue to influence it. The blood sacrifice performed by bloodshed for a spiritual focus is the common form of sacrifice preferred in our society. But it is possible to read the active codes of the tradition of the blood-offering victims along with the practice of faith in our society. One of the places where the untouched victim tradition is widely seen is Tunceli. Tunceli is a settlement where many civilizations have been hosted since ancient times, with a rooted structure of faith and rituals. The local man, during religious ceremonies, in holy days and without a means, when he wants to bring his desire to the Hague, he must cook and distribute a kind of sandwich, which is a form of sandwich, which is forgotten with a mixture of butter, butter oil, water or milk. The Holy Frog Bread is distributed to family members, relatives and neighbors, as it is distributed to the people who are already there in the holy places, and the fruit is distributed to the people who are already there. The purification is a ritual that contains various spiritual stages and forms of action since it is intended to be cooked. In this study, we have addressed the untouched victim tradition seen in Tunceli district from very ancient times and the practice of the distribution of it in this tradition. The time when the holy feast was made in the place, the places where it was distributed and the rituals performed during this practice were subject to assessment and the place of this religious practice in the people's system of faith was made clear.
The tradition of sacrifice which is accepted to have started since the prehistoric ages is a tradition that has survived by changing, transforming and evolving over the centuries and will continue its effect hereafter. The bloody sacrifice performed in the form of bloodshed, by the aim of spiritual focus, is the widely preffered form of sacriface in our society. However, in our society’s belief practices, it is possible to see active codes of the bloodless sacrifice tradition besides bloody sacrifice. Tunceli is one of the places where the tardition of bloody sacrifice is seen most. Tunceli, which has been home to many civilizations since anciet times is a settlement with a deep-rooted belief structure and rituals. During the religious ceremonies, in holy days and when they want to pray God without any mediator, local people cook and distribute a kind of muffin called niyaz, which is kneaded with flour, butter, water or milk. The sacred niyaz bread is distributed to family members, relatives, neighbours as well as people in holy places along with fruit and nuts In this study, the tradition of bloodless sacrifice seen in the Tunceli region since ancient times and the practice of distributing niyaz within this tration were discussed. The place of this religious practice in the belief system of the people was clarified by avaluating times in which sacred niyaz bread is made, places it distributed and the rituals done during this practice
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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