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  Citation Number 3
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Yenilikçi Tanzimat Aydınlarının İslam’ın Köklerine Yönelişi
2018
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

19. yy., Osmanlı Devleti’nin başta siyaset, toplum ve kültür olmak üzere hemen bütün alanlarda büyük bir değişim yaşadığı bir dönemdir. Bu büyük dönüşüm sürecinin yönü muhakkak ki Batı medeniyetidir. Tanzimat aydınları kaleme aldıkları makale, roman, piyes ve şiirlerde Batı’dan ithal edilen yeni fikirleri gündeme getirmişlerdir. İlginç olarak, Batılılaşma rüzgârının her şeyi önüne kattığı böyle bir dönemde, Tanzimat aydınlarının eserlerinde, daha önce üzerinde çok durulmayan İslamî referansların ve İslam tarihinin çokça kullanıldığı göze çarpmaktadır. Başta Yeni Osmanlılar olmak üzere dönemin aydınları Batı aydınlanmasında önemli rol oynayan fikirleri İslamî kaynaklar içinde aramaya başlamışlardır. Biraz da Tunuslu Hayrettin Paşa’nın Akvâmü’l-Mesâlik adlı kitabının etkisiyle onlar meşrutiyet, akıl, irade, çalışma, hürriyet, millet, ittihad, gayret, ilim, terakki, hak, hukuk gibi Batı menşeli temaları İslam’ın köklerine, selef-i salihin dönemindeki örneklere dayandırmaya çalışmışlardır. Ayrıca bu düşüncelerini kaleme aldıkları kurgusal eserlerde çeşitli karakterler üzerinden de dile getirmişlerdir. Yeni Osmanlılara göre İslam; öğrenmeyi, ilerlemeyi, kalkınmayı teşvik etmektedir. Ayrıca İslam dini bugünkü anlamda bir meşrutiyet sistemine uygundur. İslam’ın başlangıcındaki biat kültürü bu sistemin varlığını göstermektedir. Dört halifenin idareci olarak meşruiyeti, kendilerine biat edilmek suretiyle mümkün olmuştur. Hatta Namık Kemal Hz. Peygamber’in kurduğu devletin bir cumhuriyet olduğunu bile iddia eder. Hürriyet Allah’ın hediyesidir; öyle ise bu hakkı ondan kimse alamaz. Hür olan insanın düşünce hürriyeti de vardır. Namık Kemal’in vatan fikrine bakışı üzerinde ise muhakkak ki ayrıca durmak gerekir. Çünkü bu tema dönemin diğer yazarlarının eserlerinde pek görülmediği halde onun hem makalelerinde hem şiirlerinde hem de piyes, roman gibi kurgusal eserlerinde büyük yer tutmaktadır. Kemal, vatan sevgisini imanın bir gereği olarak gösterir. Ayrıca Batılı anlamdaki vatan fikrini İslam’ın köklerindeki değerlerle birleştirir. Kabe, Ravza, Mescid-i Aksa ve Kerbela gibi mekanlarla ona bir kutsiyet atfeder. Başta Hz. Peygamber olmak üzere, sahabelerin ve İslam’ı savunmak için savaşırken ölen şehitlerin bedenlerinin bu vatanda yattığını ve topraklarının şehit kanlarıyla sulandığını söyleyerek vatana ulvî değerler yükler. Kemal bu gibi vesilelerle vatan hamiyeti ile İslam gayretini birleştirir. Bu makalede Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa, Ali Suavi başta olmak üzere dönemin aydınlarının kaleme aldıkları eserlerde yukarıda sayılan temaları İslam’ın kaynaklarına dayandırarak nasıl işledikleri örnek metinler ve şiirler üzerinden anlatılacaktır.

Keywords:

Innovative Tanzimat Lights to the Roots of Islam
2018
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

19th. It is a period in which the Ottoman State has experienced a major change in almost all areas, including politics, society and culture. The direction of this great transformation process is the Western civilization. The Tanzimat lights have presented new ideas imported from the West in their articles, novels, poems and poems. Interestingly, in such a period in which the wind of Westernization has brought everything ahead, in the works of the Tanzimat lights, the Islamic references that have not previously been much focused on and the Islamic history are widely used. Initially, the New Ottomans began to search for ideas that played an important role in the western lighting in Islamic sources. In the book of Akvâmü’l-Mesâlik, Tunus Hayrettin Pasha, they have tried to put the Western themes like legitimacy, mind, will, work, freedom, people, idhhad, effort, science, terakki, right, law to the roots of Islam, to the examples of the predecessor’s period. They also expressed their thoughts in their fictional works through various characters. According to the new Ottoman, Islam encourages learning, progress, and development. The Islamic religion is also in accordance with a lawful system in today’s sense. The biat culture in the beginning of Islam shows the existence of this system. Thus, the four leaders of the tribe were able to take the right to the righteous. The name is Kemal Hz. The state that the Prophet established is a republic. The gift is the gift of Allah, and no one can take it from Him. The man who is free has a thought freedom. If you look at the name of Kemal's homeland, it is also necessary to stop. Because this theme is not much seen in the works of the other writers of the time, but it holds a great place in both its articles and poetry and fictional works such as the poetry and the novel. Kemal shows his patriotic love as a must of faith. It also combines the patriotic idea in the Western sense with the values in the roots of Islam. He gives him a blessing with places such as Kabe, Ravza, Mosque-i Aksa and Kerbela. First of all, Hz. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said that the bodies of the dead while fighting to defend the Islam and that the bodies of the dead were drowned in this country and that their land was swallowed with the blood of the dead. In this way, the Islamic religion is associated with the Islamic religion. In this article, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha, Ali Suavi will be described in the works of the purifers of the period, including the above topics, based on the sources of Islam, through examples of texts and poems.

Keywords:

Reformist Tanzimat Intellectuals Towards The Roots Of Islam
2018
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

The 19th century is a time when the Ottoman Empire underwent a great change in almost all areas, especially in politics, society and culture. The direction of this great transformation process is certainly Western civilization. The Tanzimat intellectuals have brought new ideas imported from the West into their articles, novels, plays and poems. Interestingly, at such a time when the wind of Westernization adds to everything, in the works of the Tanzimat intellectuals, the Islamic references and the history of Islamic history, which have not been emphasized much before, are being used. The intellectuals of the period, especially the New Ottomans, began to search for ideas that played an important role in Western enlightenment in Islamic sources. They have tried to base Western origin ideas such as constitutionalism, reason, will, work, liberty, nation, unity, science, law and right on the roots of Islam, early eaxamples of Islamic history. They also expressed these thoughts on various characters in the fictional works they received. According to the New Ottomans, the religion of Islam encourages to learn, to progress, to development. Moreover, the religion of Islam is suitable for a system of constitutionality in today's sense. The “biat” culture at the beginning of Islam also shows the existence of this system. The legitimacy of the four caliphs as administrators became possible by allegiance to them. Even Namik Kemal claimed that the state established by the Prophet have been a republic. Freedom is God's gift. Nobody gets this right from human. The free person also has freedom of thought. It is especially necessary to stand on the way Namık Kemal looks at the idea of the homeland. This theme holds great importance both in his articles and poems, and in his fictional works such as plays and novels. Kemal showed the love of the motherland as a means of faith. It also combines the idea of homeland in the Western sense with the values in the roots of Islam. He gave a sacredness to his homeland with the sacred places like Kabe, Ravza, Masjid al-Aqsa and Kerbela. He filled many vital values to the concept of the homeland saying in this country laying the bodies of the Prophet, his friends and the martyrs who died during struggling to defend the Islam and saying that this lands were watered with the martyr's blood. Kemal combined the idea of patriotism with Islamic endeavor like this. In this article, how the Tanzimat period’s intellectuals especially Namik Kemal, Ziya Pasha, Ali Suavi have mentioned the themes above and work on the basis of the sources of Islam through sample texts and poems will explain.

Keywords:

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Turkish Studies

Field :   Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 12.054
Cite : 48.713
Turkish Studies