Abstract:

Since the ancient times, in order to continue the tradition of trade in the opposite shores of the sea of Oman, Arab merchants who were living in Indian shores were in close contact like  marriage, similar to those that had moved in Arabia due to economic, military and similar needs. After accepting Islam, Arabs who aimed adding conquest and reporting to their goals in these geographical areas that were not unfamiliar to them, were directed and turned to Gaza. The expansion of Islamic state along the flow of the river Indus continued during the caliphs Umar, Uthman and Ali. While they were fighting against the Byzantine Empire in the west, they concentrated their attacks on Karachi (Dibal) and vicinity which is in the state of Sindh in Pakistan now with active mobile troops in the east. In the 659’s, Muslims, who climbed to the Mount Kikan (Kaikan), without being able to enjoy the victory with the news of the death of Ali the Caliph, turned to Makran, the operation centre. Successes with cohesive unit and exhausting wars, the seizure of a substantial part of the environment of Sindh and holding control in their hands helped to remove the obstacles against the spread of Islam in the sub-Indian continent. At the time of Hulefa Rashid, the process of these regions’ becoming Islamic locations and the background of the success of Mohammad b. Kassim were prepared.

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