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  Citation Number 2
 Views 69
 Downloands 34
COĞRAFYADA ALTERNATİF BİR TEMATİK HARİTALAMA TEKNİĞİ: ALAN KARTOGRAMLARI
2019
Journal:  
Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

Haritalar geçmişten günümüze gerek akademik coğrafya araştırmalarında gerekse coğrafya eğitimi ve öğretiminde en temel görselleştirme araçlardan biri olagelmiştir. Günümüzde farklı alanlarda ve çok büyük miktardaki veri akışı bir görselleştirme aracı olarak tematik haritaları ön plana çıkarmıştır. Bir tematik harita çeşidi olan alan katogramları, özellikle coğrafyada nicel veriler için önemli bir görselleştirme aracıdır. Alan kartogramlar boyut veya mesafenin yeryüzünün boyutu veya uzaklık birimi dışındaki bir değişkene göre ölçeklendirildiği bir tematik harita çeşidi olarak tanımlanabilir. Koroplet,, korokromatik, nokta, dereceli sembol ve akış haritaları gibi geleneksel tematik haritalarda idari birimler yüzölçümlerine göre gösterilirken; kartogramlarda bu alanlar gösterilmek istenen verinin büyüklüğü ile orantılı olarak gösterilmektedirler. Böylece yüzölçümü büyüklüğünün gösterilen mekânsal verinin dağılışına bakılmaksızın haritayı domine etmesinin ve harita okuyucusunun görsel algısını etkilemesinin önüne geçilmektedir. Bu durum alan kartogramlarını diğer tematik haritalardan ayıran en önemli özelliktir.  Alan Kartogramlarının bir diğer önemli özelliği ise altlık harita üzerindeki her bir birimin kartogram üzerinde, seçili veri setinin gerçek değeriyle gösterilmesidir. Bu sayede kartogram haritalama tekniğinde diğer tematik haritalama tekniklerinde olduğu üzere veri sınıflandırması olmadığı için kayıp veri sorunu da oluşmamaktadır. 19.yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren gazete, dergi ve ders kitaplarında bir görselleştirme aracı olarak kullanılmaya başlayan alan kartogramlarının, akademik coğrafya çalışmalarında kullanımı 20.yüzyılın ikinci yarısından sonra olmuştur. Alan kartogramlarının daha ziyade beşerî coğrafya çalışmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabileceği görülmektedir. Bu durumun nedeni kartogram haritalama tekniğinin kullanılabilmesi için alansal bir veriye ihtiyaç duyulmasıdır. Beşerî coğrafyada hemen hemen her araştırma alanında kullanılmakla beraber alan kartogramlarının en yaygın olarak kullanıldığı araştırma alanlarının nüfus ve seçim coğrafyası olduğu görülmektedir. Bu makalede bir tematik harita çeşidi olarak alan kartogramlarının, coğrafya araştırmalarında nasıl kullanılabileceği örnekler üzerinden ele alınmıştır.

Keywords:

Alternative A Thematic Maping Technique in Geography: Field Cards
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

From past to present, maps have been one of the most fundamental visualization tools not only in academic geography researches, but also in geography education and training. Today, data flow in different areas and in vast amounts brings thematic maps to the forefront as a tool of visualization. As a type of thematic map, area cartograms are significant tools of visualization for quantitative data in geography. Area cartograms can be defined as a type of thematic map in which dimension or distance is scaled according to a variable other than the dimension and distance of the earth's surface. Units like countries, states/provinces and cities are displayed in proportion to their surface areas in traditional thematic maps like choropleth, chorochromatic, dot, proportional symbol and flow maps, whereas the same areas are displayed in proportion to the size of the data intended to be displayed in cartograms. In this way, size of the surface area is prevented from dominating the map regardless of the distribution of the depicted spatial data and also from distorting the visual perception of the map-reader. This is the most important feature separating area cartograms from other thematic maps. Another important feature of area cartograms is that each unit represented on the base map is indicated with the real value of the selected data set on the cartogram. Since there is no data classification in cartogram mapping technique as in other thematic mapping techniques, there is also no lost data problem. Area cartograms, which were started to be used as a tool of visualization in the newspapers, magazines and textbooks as of the late 19th century, began to be used in academic geography studies following the second half of the 20th century. It is seen that cartograms can be effectively used rather in human geography studies. The reason behind that is spatial data is needed to use cartogram mapping technique. It appears that the research areas where cartograms are most commonly used are population and electoral geography, even though they are used in almost every research field in human geography. In this article, the issue of how area cartograms, as a type of thematic map, can be used in geographical researches is illustrated through examples.

Keywords:

An Alternative Thematic Mapping Technique In Geography: Area Cartograms
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

From past to present, maps have been one of the most fundamental visualization tools not only in academic geography researches, but also in geography education and training. Today, data flow in different areas and in vast amounts brings thematic maps to the forefront as a tool of visualization. As a type of thematic map, area cartograms are significant tools of visualization particularly for quantitative data in geography. Area cartograms can be defined as a type of thematic map in which dimension or distance is scaled according to a variable other than the dimension and distance of earth’s surface. Units like countries, states/provinces and cities are displayed in proportion to their surface areas in traditional thematic maps like choropleth, chorochromatic, dot, proportional symbol and flow maps, whereas the same areas are shown in proportion to the size of the data intended to be displayed in cartograms. In this way, size of the surface area is prevented from dominating the map regardless of the distribution of the depicted spatial data and also from distorting the visual perception of the map-reader. This is the most important feature separating area cartograms from other thematic maps. Another important feature of area cartograms is that each unit represented on the base map is indicated with the real value of the selected data set on the cartogram. Since there is no data classification in cartogram mapping technique as in other thematic mapping techniques, there is also no lost data problem. Area cartograms, which were started to be used as a tool of visualization in the newspapers, magazines and textbooks as of the late 19th century, started to be used in academic geography studies following the second half of the 20th century. It is seen that cartograms can be effectively used rather in human geography studies. The reason behind that is spatial data is needed to use cartogram mapping technique. It appears that the research areas where cartograms are most commonly used are population and electoral geography, even though they are used in almost every research field in human geography. In this article, the issue of how area cartograms, as a type of thematic map, can be used in geographical researches is illustrated through examples.   

Keywords:

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Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi

Field :   Eğitim Bilimleri; Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Filoloji; Sağlık Bilimleri; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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Article : 581
Cite : 3.983
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Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi