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  Citation Number 12
 Views 123
 Downloands 58
Asya’da Çin ve Rus Bölgeselciliği: Modern İpek Yolu Projesi ve Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği
2019
Journal:  
Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

2008 yılındaki küresel ekonomik kriz sonrasında uluslararası arenada Rusya’nın ve Çin’in görünürlüğü artmıştır. Bu bağlamda Rusya, Batı’nın eski Sovyet alanına nüfuz etmesini ve bu bölgeler ile işbirlikleri gerçekleştirmesini önlemeye yönelik politikalar uygulamaya çalışırken, sahip olduğu üretim kapasitesi ve sermaye miktarı ile dünyanın en büyük ekonomilerinden birini oluşturan Çin de ekonomik alandaki bu başarısını siyasi alana da taşımaya ve kendi etki alanını genişletmeye çalışmaktadır. Asya’da konumlanmış olan ve birbirleri ile çeşitli alanlarda işbirlikleri kuran, Batı hegemonyasına karşı Doğu cephesinin öncüsü olan bu iki devlet kendi jeopolitik ve jeoekonomik çıkarları doğrultusunda kıtada bölgeselleşme çabaları sarf etmektedirler. Rusya politik saikleri odak noktasına koyan, coğrafi sınırlamalarla hareket eden, dışa kapalı ve katı kurumsal mekanizmalara sahip olan ve ulus devlet merkezli olarak klasik bölgeselcilik anlayışı kapsamında hareket ederken; Çin ise ekonomik motivasyonları merkeze koyan, coğrafi sınır tanımayan, kapsayıcı ve esnek bir yapıda olan ve tüm aktörlere açık olarak yeni bölgeselleşme anlayışı çerçevesinde politikalarını uygulamaktadır. Bu mentalite doğrultusunda Rusya, 1990’ların ortasından itibaren oluşturulma sürecine giren ve 2015 yılında faaliyete geçen Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği (AEB) ile eski Sovyet alanında bulunan devletlerin üzerinde nüfuzunu sürdürmeye ve bu ülkelerin kendisine bağımlılık durumlarını devam ettirmeye çalışırken; Çin de eski İpekyolu coğrafyasını yeniden canlandırarak, Modern İpek Yolu (MİY) olarak da adlandırılan Tek Kuşak Tek Yol Projesi ile kendisini geniş bir alanda politik ve ekonomik olarak merkezi bir noktada konumlandırmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada aynı coğrafyada bölgeselleşme pratiklerinde bulunan Çin’in ve Rusya’nın bölgeselleşme politikasının birbirlerinin tamamlayıcı mı yoksa birbirlerine rakip mi olduğu sorusu Modern İpek Yolu Projesi ve Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği oluşumları üzerinden, küresel arenadaki ihtiyaçları ve konumları da göz önünde bulundurularak, değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna göre, Çin’in sahip olduğu ekonomik avantajlar, diğer ülkeler ile olan görece pozitif ikili ilişkileri ve yeni bölgeselcilik anlayışı sayesinde MİY projesi, Rusya’nın ekonomik olarak vaatte bulunamaması, Batı ile olumsuz ilişkiler kurması ve bu nedenle dışa bağımlı hale gelmesi nedeniyle, bu ülkenin öncülüğündeki AEB oluşumunu kapsayan ve ona üstün gelen bir boyuta ulaşmıştır. Bununla birlikte Rusya ve Çin’in mevcut konjonktürde izlediği politikaların işbirlikçi olması nedeniyle, MİY ile AEB arasındaki ilişkinin tamamlayıcı yönü ağır basmaktadır

Keywords:

China and Russian Regionalism In Asia: Modern Silk Road Project and Eurasia Economic Union
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

Visibilities of Russia and China began to increase in the international arena, after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. In this context, while Russia tries to imply policies to prevent Western influence towards the former Soviet region and their cooperative initiatives with regional actors; China, who is one of the largest economies in the world thanks to its production capacity and its accumulation of capital, aims to raise its political effect and enhance the sphere of influence as did in the economic field. These two states, which are located in Asia, cooperate in various areas and lead Eastern border against Western hegemony, make regionalization efforts in their own geopolitical and geoeconomic interests in the continent. On the one hand, Russia adopts classical regionalism understanding which is shaped by political motivations, has geographical boundaries, exclusive and strict institutional mechanism, and eligible for nation-states; on the other hand China indigenises new regionalism approach that is surrounded by economic goals, has distancy and borderless characteristics, inclusive and flexible mechanism, and open to all actors in the international arena. In this direction, while Russia tries to maintain its influence over and dependence relationship with former Soviet countries through the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) which is output of twenty years process; China aims to revive old Silk Road geography and puts itself in the center politically and economically through One Belt One Road Initiatives (OBOR), also known as Modern Silk Road Project. In this paper, China’s and Russia’s regionalism understandings had been evaluated within the scope whether they are cooperative or complementary by taking into consideration their needs and positions in the international arena. As a result of this assessment, Chinese OBOR contains and overcomes Russian EAEU, thanks to its economic advantages, better bilateral and multilateral relations with other actors in the international society and inclusive regionalism understanding. By dint of these countries' converging policies in international issues, bilateral relationship of OBOR and EAEU turns the scale toward complemantary situation.

Keywords:

Chinese and Russian Regionalism In Asia: Modern Silk Road Project and Eurasian Economic Union
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

Visibilities of Russia and China began to increase in international arena, after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Within this context, while Russia tries to imply policies to prevent Western influence toward ex- Soviet region and their cooperative initiatives with regional actors; China, who is one of the biggest economy in the world thanks to production capacity and its accumulation of capital, aims to raise its political effect and enhance sphere of influence as did in economic field. These two states, that are located in Asia, cooperate in various areas and lead Eastern frontier against to Western hegemony, make regionalization efforts in their own geopolitical and geoeconomical interests in the continent. On the one side, Russia adopts classical regionalism understanding which is shaped by political motivations, has geographical boundaries, exclusive and strict institutional mechanism, and eligible for nation-states; on the other hand China indigenises new regionalism approach that is surrounded by economical goals, has distanceless and borderless characteristics, inclusive and flexible mechanism, and open to all actors in international arena. In this direction, while Russia tries to maintain its influence over and dependency relationship with ex-Soviet countries through Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) which is output of twenty years process; China aims to revive old Silk Road geography and puts itself in the center politically and economically via One Belt One Road Initiatives (OBOR), also known as Modern Silk Road Project. In this paper, China’s and Russia’s regionalism understandings had been evaluated within the scope whether they are cooperative or complementary by taking into consideration their needs and positions in international arena. As a result of this assessment, Chinese OBOR contains and overcomes Russian EAEU, thanks to its economical advantages, better bilateral and multilateral relations with other actors in the international society and inclusive regionalism understanding. By dint of these countries’ converging policies in international issues, bilateral relationship of OBOR and EAEU turns the scale toward complemantary situation.

Keywords:

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Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi

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