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XVIII -XIX. yüzyıl evrensel anlamda, siyasal, sosyal, kültürel ekonomik ve teknik gelişmelerin meydana geldiği bir dönemi yansıtmaktadır. Bu değişim dünyada, toplumlar ve devletlerarasında yayılım alanı bulmuş ve geleneğe bağlı olarak da köklü bir değişim yaşanmasına yol açmıştır. Avrupa’da Otuz Yıl Savaşları (1618-1648), Rönesans döneminin toplumsal yansımaları, Fransız Devrimi gibi etkenler Batı’nın sosyokültürel yaşamını belirginleştiren en önemli hususları oluşturmuştur. Bu zaman çizelgesinde kendisine bir yer bulan Osmanlı Devleti de bu değişen dünyaya sırt çevirememiş ve ilk olarak askeri düzende gerçekleştirilecek iyileştirmeler için yüzünü batıya çevirmiştir. Askeri platforma başlayan batının etki ettiği bu değişim sanat, kültür, hatta şehirleşme anlamında da Osmanlı topraklarında kendini hissetmiştir. Özellikle sanat ve mimaride Sultan III. Ahmed zamanında geçiş evresini yaşayan batılılaşma hareketleri (Lale Devri olarak anılır) daha sonra, Sultan I. Mahmut’un idaresiyle ivme kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle Osmanlı Devleti'nin yönettiği topraklarda ve özellikle başkent İstanbul'da, Batı kaynaklı barok, ampir ve eklektizm etkisini canlı bir şekilde göstermeye başlamıştır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı devletinin askeri anlamda başlayan batılılaşma hareketinin evreleri ve bu hareketin Cumhuriyetin ilanına kadar olan sürecinde Osmanlı kültür ve sanat ortamına yansımaları incelenecektir.
The 18th-20th century in a universal sense reflects a period of political, social, cultural, economic and technical developments. This change has found an area of spread in the world, between societies and states, and has led to a radical change depending on tradition. Factors such as the Thirty Years' Wars in Europe (1618-1648), social reflections of the Renaissance period, and the French Revolution formed the most important aspects that made the socio-cultural life of the West obvious. The Ottoman State, which found a place for itself in this timeline, was also unable to turn its back on this changing world and first turned its face to the West for improvements in the military order. This change, influenced by the West, which started the military platform, was felt in the Ottoman lands in terms of art, culture, even urbanization Especially in art and architecture, Westernization movements (called the Tulip era), which experienced a transition phase during the time of Sultan Ahmed III, gained momentum later with the administration of Sultan Mahmud I. Therefore, in the lands ruled by the Ottoman Empire and especially in the capital Istanbul, Western Baroque, empiricism and eclecticism began to show their influence vividly. In this article, the phases of the Westernization movement of the Ottoman state that began in the military sense and the reflections of this movement on the Ottoman culture and art environment in the process leading up to the declaration of the Republic will be examined.
The 18th -20th century in a universal sense reflects a period of political, social, cultural, economic and technical developments. This change has found an area of spread in the world, between societies and states, and has led to a radical change depending on tradition. Factors such as the Thirty Years' Wars in Europe (1618-1648), social reflections of the Renaissance period, and the French Revolution formed the most important aspects that made the socio-cultural life of the West obvious. The Ottoman State, which found a place for itself in this timeline, was also unable to turn its back on this changing world and first turned its face to the West for improvements in the military order. This change, influenced by the West, which started the military platform, was felt in the Ottoman lands in terms of art, culture, even urbanization Especially in art and architecture, Westernization movements (called the Tulip era), which experienced a transition phase during the time of Sultan Ahmed III, gained momentum later with the administration of Sultan Mahmud I. Therefore, in the lands ruled by the Ottoman Empire and especially in the capital Istanbul, Western baroque, empiricism and eclecticism began to show their influence vividly. In this article, the phases of the Westernization movement of the Ottoman state that began in the military sense and the reflections of this movement on the Ottoman culture and art environment in the process leading up to the declaration of the Republic will be examined.
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