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  Citation Number 4
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XIX. Yüzyılın Sonu XX. Yüzyılın Başlarında Basra Körfezi’nde Uluslararası Hâkimiyet Mücadelesi
2013
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

XIX. Yüzyıldan itibaren uluslararası arenada Basra Körfezi’nin önemi artmıştır. Körfezde, Osmanlı ve İran dışında Avrupalı devletlerin faaliyetleri dikkate değer bir hal almıştır. İlk aşamada Avrupalı devletler ticaret amacıyla gelmişlerdir. Körfezdeki ticaretin karlı olduğunu fark etmişlerdir. Bu nedenle, siyasi hâkimiyet kurmak amacıyla askeri faaliyetlerine hız vermişlerdir. Özellikle İngiltere’nin siyasi hâkimiyet sağlama konusunda ön planda olduğu görülmektedir. İngiltere’nin dışında, Almanya, Rusya ve Fransa’nın da körfez bölgesinde varlıklarını hissettirmek düşüncesinde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Rusya’nın körfez bölgesine bakışı Şark Meselesi doğrultusundaydı. Bu amaçla Ruslar, ileride hak talebinde bulunmak amacındaydılar. Bu nedenle zaman zaman Basra Körfezine savaş gemisi göndermek suretiyle kendilerine alt yapı oluşturmak istiyorlardı. Almanya ve Fransa ise ülkelerinde yayınladıkları hem askeri hem de sivil gazetelerde bölge üzerinde olan projelerini veya başka devletlerin planlarını açıklamaktan çekinmiyorlardı. Bölge üzerinde sömürge faaliyetlerinde bulunan bu Avrupalı devletlere karşı Osmanlı devlet de sınırlarını ve haklarını korumak amacıyla harekete geçmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, bölgede hâkimiyetini sağlamlaştırmak için kendine taraftar emir ve şeyhlerin merkezi otoriteden izinsiz Avrupalı devletlerle yapmış oldukları gizli anlaşmalar yapmamasını istemiştir. Daha önce yapılmış olan antlaşmaların hükümsüz olduğunu açıklamıştır. Ayrıca antlaşmaları yapan emir ve şeyhlerin buna yetkisi olmadığını vurgulamıştır. Basra Körfezinde kendisinin de varlığını hissettirmek amacıyla bölgeye devriye gemileri göndermiştir. Osmanlı Devleti bu durumu bölgede yapılan silah vb. kaçakçılık faaliyetlerini engellemek için yaptığını vurgulamıştır. Gerçekte ise Osmanlı Devleti, bölgede zarar gören hâkimiyetini korumaya yönelik bir tedbirdi. Çalışma bu doğrultuda incelenecek ve mümkün olduğu kadar Basra Körfezi’ndeki uluslararası güç mücadelesi değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords:

The XIX. The end of the 20th century. In the beginning of the century, the struggle for international sovereignty in the Basra Bay
2013
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

The XIX. Since the century, the importance of the Basra Gulf has increased in the international arena. In the Gulf, the activities of European states outside the Ottoman and Iran have become considerable. In the first phase, the European states came for trade purposes. They realized that trade in the Gulf was profitable. Therefore, they accelerated their military activities in order to establish political sovereignty. It is clear that Britain is in the forefront of political sovereignty. Besides Britain, it is clear that Germany, Russia and France are also thinking of feeling their existence in the Gulf region. The view of the Gulf region of Russia was in the direction of the Song issue. For this purpose, the Russians were aiming to seek rights in the future. Therefore, sometimes they wanted to build their substrate by sending a battle ship to the Basra Gulf. Germany and France did not hesitate to disclose their projects on the region in their country’s military and civil newspapers, or the plans of other states. The Ottoman state has also acted against these European states in colonial activities in the region in order to protect their borders and rights. In this regard, he demanded that the self-private orders and shihs not make the secret agreements they have made with European states without permission from the central authority to strengthen their sovereignty in the region. He said the treaties that were previously concluded were unjustified. He also emphasized that the commanders and the chefs who made the treaties did not have the authority to do so. He sent ships to the area in the Basra Gulf in order to feel his presence. The Ottoman state is the state of the weapons in the region. He said he did to prevent the trafficking. In fact, the Ottoman State was a measure to protect its domination in the region. The study will be examined in this direction and the international power struggle in the Basra Gulf will be assessed as much as possible.

Keywords:

International Struggle Of Sovereignty In Persian Gulf At The End Of The Nineteenth Century and The Beginning Of The Twentieth Century
2013
Journal:  
Turkish Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

The importance of the Persian Gulf increased since the nineteenth century in international arena. The activities of European Countries began to draw attention except for Ottoman and İran in the Gulf. In the first phase, European Countries come to the Gulf for trading purposes. They realised that the trade in the region was profitable. Therefore they tried to speed up their military activities in order to establish political domination. Especially, England’s desire was remarkable to achieve political domination except for England, Garmany, Russia and France tried to make feel their existence in the Gulf region. Russia’s view about the region was in accordance with Eastern Question. For this purpose, Russians purpose to put in a claim fort he region in the future. Hence through sending war ship to the Persian Gulf the Germany and the French occasionally, they wanted to create background with military and civil newspapers they published in their countries did not abstain from expressing their own and other countries’ plans on the region. Ottoman State took action to protect her frontier and rights against these European countries which carried out colonial activities in the region. Accordingly Ottoman State demanded proponent emirs and sheikhs not to make any secret agreements with European countries without the permission of central administration in order to stabilise her sovereignty in the region. Ottoman State discredited the previously concluded treaties. Besides Ottoman State also emphasised that the emirs and sheikhs did not have any rights to conclude a treaty. In order to make her presence felt in the Persian Gulf, patrol vessels were sent to the region. Ottoman State emphasised that these precautions were taken in order to prevent smuggling activities in the region. In the fact it was a effort of Ottoman State trying to prevent its aggrieved sovereignty in the region. The study will focus on these topics and the international power struggle in the Persian Gulf will be reviewed.

Keywords:

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Turkish Studies

Field :   Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 12.054
Cite : 48.896
Turkish Studies