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Ülkelerin refah düzeylerinin artmasında dış ticaretten elde edecekleri kazançlar ve rekabet gücü yüksek bir endüstri yapısı oldukça önemlidir. Son dönemlerde özellikle rekabetçi endüstrilerde ürün farklılaşmasına yönelik ticaret akımları ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. İşte bu noktada “Endüstri İçi Ticaret” üzerinde önemle durulan bir kavram olarak karşımıza gelmiştir. Endüstri içi ticaret (EİT), aynı endüstriye ait ürünlerin hem ihracata hem de ithalata konu olmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri arasındaki EİT’yi demir-çelik sektörü için analiz etmektir. Çalışmada, 2009-2019 dönemi için Türkiye’nin AB ülkeleri ile arasındaki EİT düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla Grubel-Lloyd (G-L) endeksinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Türkiye ve AB ülkeleri arasındaki demir-çelik sektöründeki ticaretin yapısının EİT biçiminde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. EİT’nin yüksek olduğu ülkeler Hollanda, Polonya, İspanya, İtalya, Almanya, Romanya ve Danimarka şeklinde sıralanabilir. Bu ülkelerin 2009-2019 döneminde ortalama 0,50’nin üzerinde bir EİT düzeyi olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye ile yaptıkları dış ticaret hacmi demir çelik sektöründe yüksek olan İtalya, İspanya ve Almanya için alt sektörler bazında EİT düzeyleri incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda demir-çelik alt sektörlerinin birçoğunda da özellikle İtalya ve Almanya’nın EİT ağırlıklı ticaret yapısının devam ettiği görülmüştür.
The profits they will obtain from foreign trade and a high competitive industrial structure are of great importance in the country’s increased prosperity levels. In recent years, trade flows, especially in competitive industries, towards product differentiation have begun to come to the forefront. This is what we have seen as an important concept of "Industrial Trade" at this point. Industrial intra-trade (IT) is that the products of the same industry are subject to both export and import. The aim of this study is to analyze the EIT between Turkey and the European Union (EU) countries for the iron-steel sector. In the study, the Grubel-Lloyd (G-L) index was used to determine the level of EIT between Turkey and the EU countries for the period 2009-2019. The study found that the trade structure in the iron-steel sector between Turkey and the EU countries is in the form of the EIT. The countries where the EIT is high can be ranked in the form of the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Romania and Denmark. These countries were found to have an average of over 0.50 EIT levels in the period 2009-2019. Furthermore, their volume of foreign trade with Turkey is high in the iron steel sector for Italy, Spain and Germany based on the EIT levels have been studied. The review found that in many under-sectors of iron and steel, especially Italy and Germany, the EIT-based trade structure continued.
The profits attained from foreign trade, and a highly competitive industrial structure are very important in increasing the welfare of countries. Recently, trade flows for product differentiation come into prominence especially in competitive industries. At this point, we come across a concept that emphasized “Intra-Industry Trade”. Intra-industry trade (IIT) is that the products of the same industry are subject to both export and import. The aim of the study is to analyse IIT between Turkey and the European Union (EU) countries for the iron and steel sector. In the study, to determine the IIT level between Turkey and the EU countries for the 2009-2019 periods, we employed the Grubel-Lloyd (G-L) index. As a result of the study, the structure of trade between EU countries and Turkey in the iron and steel industry is identified to be IIT form. Countries with high IIT can be listed as Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Romania and Denmark. It is determined that these countries have a level of IIT above average 0.50 in the period of 2009-2019. Furthermore, IIT levels are analysed on the basis of sub-sectors for Italy, Spain and Germany which have a high volume of foreign trade with Turkey in iron and steel industry. As a result of the analysis, it is observed that the IIT-weighted trade structure continues in many of the iron and steel sub-sectors especially in Italy and Germany.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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