Abstract:

In this study, it is studied how Socrates re-understood the concept of citizen, in a different way than the concepts he had reached. Socrates structured his philosophy with his criticism of the Athens during the Peloponese War, one of the most important crises of the Greek democracy tradition. While the Athenians continued their lives on the basis of their centuries-formed culture and traditions, Socrates believed that life and values should be constantly questioned. Since Sokrates believes that the Athenians are inclined to be prisoners, he tries to develop a philosophy that will enable them to make decisions in the guidance of reason and truth. Sokrates believes that man will consciously not carry out bad behaviors. According to him, thanks to education, everyone can develop enough to show the right behavior. Therefore, a good police, first of all, needs to provide a good education to its citizens. Socrates develops his ideas about how to be a good police and what education it should provide to its citizens by evaluating the social, economic and political crises that Athens is experiencing. Thus Sokrates gets the opportunity to develop a new citizen concept. For Sokrates, police and citizens belong to each other. In order to build a good city, citizens and police need to get the wisdom and accuracy of their guidance. Based on uninterrogated information, traditions and beliefs, mind and truth cannot guide the conditions in which life is trying to be sustained. A citizen who rely on the guidance of wisdom and righteousness should not seek to personal success in the city, but must strive to gain better and correct qualities in everything in the city. For this, a citizen must question everything from himself and strive to make everything that exists in the right way of thinking as it should be.

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