Abstract:

This article discusses voice transformation at the morphological level, which changes the semantic potential of the lexical unit. At the superficial level it manifests itself in the change of syntax, transformation of sentence parts, and at the semantic level in their changing roles. The study is based on “state” verbs and verbs of “action.” The verbs of the first group, although various in terms of shades of their real value, are combined by general semantics: they always characterize “their own manifestations of the subject” and therefore convey a simple situation. They have a common phase structure and always render only the medial phase of the process, thus from the point of view of aspect classification they belong to irregular verbs. The verbs of the second group render the meaning of “to give an object a certain property or impact it in such a way, which is motivated by real value” and therefore they include a greater number of participants of the situation. Their phase structure is more complex, often three-part, it has an obligatory final phase, so they render a difficult situation, and in terms of aspect they belong to terminative verbs. Semantic types of situations have been identified and described as represented by two types of verbs in the Kumyk language.

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