Abstract:

The article deals with the history of national-progressive movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries which is called "Jadidism". The history of Jadidism and its evolution from enlightenment to powerful political movement are retraced in the article. Jadidism became an alternative form of the intellectual renewal of Muslim society. The beginning of the movement was connected with the introduction of the phonetics, so called "usul-i jadid", method of teaching reading and writing instead of letter and syllabic one in maktabs and madrasas, that is a new method. The Jadids criticized religious fanaticism, required the substitution of obsolete religious schools for national secular ones, advocated the development of science and culture, supported the publishing of newspapers in the native language, the opening of cultural and educational establishments, which favoured the consolidation of the democratic forces of the society. Jadidism is considered as the phenomenal public occurence in the history. It arouse in the depth of the Central Asian society on the basis of a harmonious combination of a rich spiritual heritage and as realization of its place in realities of that time and the necessity of its reforming for successful prosperity in the future.

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