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Sanayileşen dünyada gelişen üretim ve pazarlama anlayışı birbirine benzeyen ürünlerin birtakım ayırt edici işaretler ya da sembollerle ayrılmasını zorunlu kılmıştı. Osmanlı Devleti de çağdaşı Avrupa ülkelerini yakından takip etmiş ve gerekli yasal düzenlemeleri yaparak markalaşma ve marka tescili işini belirli bir sisteme bağlamıştı. Konuyla ilgili olarak yayınlanan 1871 tarihli ilk nizamname, 1888 yılında “Fabrika Mamulatıyla Eşya-yı Ticariyyeye Mahsus Alamet-i Farikalara Dair Nizamname” adıyla geliştirilmişti. Marka tescilini konu edinen bu düzenleme dünyadaki ilk örneklerden biridir ve metin içinde geçen “marka” kavramının karşılığı olarak gösterilen “alamet-i farika” tabiri hemen benimsenmiş, cumhuriyet döneminde de uzun bir süre kullanılmıştır. Adı geçen nizamname 1965 yılına kadar yürüklükte kalmış, yaşanan siyasi, idari ve ekonomik değişimlerin yarattığı eksiklikler, boşluklar kanunlar, kararnameler ve 1928’de yayınlanan talimatname ile giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Lozan Antlaşması ve antlaşmanın eklerinden olan Ticaret Muahedesi’yle sınai mülkiyet üst başlığı altında belirli yükümlülükler altına girmiş ve bu yükümlülüklerin bir kısmının kalkmasıyla birlikte 1930 yılından itibaren köklü değişikliklere gitmişti. 1931 yılında imzalamış olduğu uluslararası antlaşmaların da gereğini yaparak marka tescil sistemini yenilemişti. Belirtilen tarihe kadar tescil edilen markalar alamet-i farika defterine işlenir, hangi markanın kim tarafından tescil edildiği marka sahibi ve devletin bilgisi dahilinde kalırdı. Yapılan değişiklikle defter sistemi terk edilmiş ve marka tescilleri Resmî Sınai Mülkiyet Gazetesi’nde yayınlanmaya başlamıştı. Hem alamet-i farika defterleri hem de Resmî Sınai Mülkiyet Gazetesi’nde tescil edilen markalarla ilgili verilen bilgiler neredeyse aynı içerikte olmakla birlikte, format değişmiş ve çok daha önemlisi marka tescilleri bir gazete aracılığıyla kamuoyuyla paylaşılmıştır. Bu makalede Türkiye Cumhuriyeti hükümetlerinin 1923-1931 yıl aralığında marka başlığı altında gerçekleştirdiği yasal düzenlemeler, Lozan Antlaşması ve eki olan Ticaret Muahedesi’yle uluslararası konferanslar merkeze alınarak incelenecektir. İncelemeye Lozan Antlaşması tutanakları, arşiv belgeleri, ilgili kanunlarla, kanun gerekçeleri ve gazete haberleri kaynak teşkil edecektir.
The evolving concept of production and marketing in the industrialized world has made it compulsory for similar products to be separated by a series of distinctive signs or symbols. The Ottoman State also closely followed its co-European countries and made the necessary legal arrangements to link the branding and brand registration business to a specific system. The first Nizamname published in 1871 was developed in 1888 under the name "Mahsus Alamet-i Farikalara Dair Nizamname with Factory Mamulat". This arrangement concerning the registration of the brand is one of the first examples in the world and the "alamet-i farika" phrase, which is shown in contrast to the concept of "marka" in the text, has been adopted immediately, and has been used for a long time during the Republican period. The name last was in force until 1965, the shortcomings created by political, administrative and economic changes, the vaccines, the laws, the decrees and the instructions published in 1928. The Republic of Turkey has entered under certain obligations under the title of commercial property with the Lozan Treaty and the Trade Agreement, which is an annex to the Treaty, and with the extinction of some of these obligations, it has gone to radical changes since 1930. In 1931, the international trade agreement was signed and the brand registration system was renewed. The trademarks registered until the specified date shall be processed in the trademarks register, which trademarks would remain within the knowledge of the trademarks owner and the state. With the changes made, the register system was abandoned and the trademark registers began to be published in the Official Property Gazette. While the information given about the brands registered in both the brands and the Official Property Gazette is almost in the same content, the format has changed and much more importantly the brands register has been shared with the public through a newspaper. In this article, the legal arrangements carried out by the Government of the Republic of Turkey under the brand title in the period 1923-1931 will be examined by taking into account international conferences with the Lozan Treaty and the Trade Agreement, which is annexed to it. The review of the Lozan Treaty will be the source of clauses, archive documents, relevant laws, legal grounds and newspaper news.
Developing production and marketing in the industrialized world necessitated the separation of similar products with some distinctive signs or symbols. The Ottoman Empire followed closely the contemporary European countries and made the necessary legal arrangements and organised the branding and trademark registration in a certain system. The first regulation dated 1871, which was published on the subject, was developed in 1888 under the name of “Fabrika Mamulatıyla Eşya-yı Ticariyyeye Mahsus Alamet-i Farikalara Dair Nizamname (Regulation on the Signs of Goods for Commercial Goods and Factory Goods)”. This regulation, which deals with trademark registration, is one of the first examples in the world. The term “alamet-i farika (trademark)”, was adopted immediately and was used for a long time during the Republican period. The aforementioned regulation remained until 1965, and the deficiencies, gaps created by the political, administrative and economic changes experienced were tried to be solved by laws, decrees and instructions issued in 1928. The Republic of Turkey, under the Treaty of Lausanne and top headlines of industrial property Trade Aggrement the from the annexes to the agreement entered into certain obligations and together with the removal of a portion of these liabilities had gone through fundamental changes from 1930. In 1931, it renewed its trademark registration system by the necessity of the international agreements it signed. Trademarks registered until the specified date are entered into the trademark book, which trademark is registered by who would remain between the owner of the brand and the state. With the amendment, the book system was abandoned and trademark registrations started to be published in the Resmî Sınai Mülkiyet Gazetesi (Official Industrial Property Newspaper). Although both the trademark records and the information about the trademarks registered in the Resmî Sınai Mülkiyet Gazetesi are almost the same, the format has changed and, more importantly, the brand registrations have been shared with the public through a newspaper. This article tries to evaluate regulations under the brand name title between 1923-1931 by the government of the Republic of Turkey, through the Treaty of Lausanne, the additional Trade Aggrement and international conferences. The minutes of the Lausanne Treaty, archival documents, relevant laws, justifications of law and newspaper news will be the source of the article.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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