Özet:

Society is the main subject of sociology. The society in question, when the Anatolian society settled for more than thousand years after great migrations, the state becomes unthinkable from society and society also becomes unthinkable from the state. The concept of integrated thinking with the state, also applies to the concept of civil society. The Seljuk state and the Ottoman state dominated by the rules of Islam, until 1800s, it has maintained its conception of law that determines its social and political structure. After the military defeats, with the withdrawal process from Europe, the Ottoman Empire, which wants to prevent the decline of the scientific, military and economic processes, moves towards the Westernization/Modernization program which will deeply affect the individual, family and community forms. The process of modernization has gone through harsh political and social changes. Establishment of modern army in 1826 instead of Janissaries, radical changes in bureaucratic structure, convergence of law with the Western law, Edicts of Tanzimat (1839) and Islahat (1856), Announcement of the First Constitutional Monarchy in 1876 and Closure of the Assembly in 1878, The period of Sultan II. Abdulhamid, in 1909 II. Announcement of the Constitutional Monarchy, Tripoli (1911-1912), Balkan (1912-1913) and World War I (1914-1918), in the process of this events, The Ottoman Empire gradually lost its existence, political, military and social power. Subsequently, the War of Independence (1919-1923) established the Republic of Turkey. From the 1800s onwards, on the other hand, in social life, in everyday life, clothing-finery style, etiquette, education to health, from craftsmanship to agricultural production, mining to transportation, modernization processes in all areas that surround the life of people, sometimes continued fast, sometimes slow. Each title has a detailed history. Existing social and political structures and cultural fabric in Turkey today understand correctly, it is possible to understand the characteristics, conditions and transmission of these processes from the Ottoman Empire. Cahit Tanyol (1914- ...) and Şerif Mardin (1927-2017), wrote a number of articles on society, civil society and government, they shared their views and sometimes took over existing approaches, sometimes developed them or sometimes formed their own approaches. To compare the views of the two sociologist, it gives comprehensive information on the idea of ​​community, civil society and state in Turkey. This information includes features, conditions and values ​​that allow comparison for both communities and states in distant geography and the remote geography. In all, the approaches of Cahit Tanyol and Şerif Mardin will be the source of our ability to produce features, principles and practices for a more healthy, effective, lasting and powerful society-state organization. The realization of this provides an intellectual opportunity that accurately identifies today's new society and state structures, connects them with the past, and presents a strong example of a model of a community-state model from the local to the universal.

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