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Tarihte bilinen en eski istihbarat birimlerinden olan İngiliz Gizli Servisi, I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında Osmanlı topraklarında yoğun şekilde istihbarat faaliyetlerinde bulunmuş ve savaş boyunca askeri, siyasi, ekonomik ve coğrafi bilgiler elde ederek bunları raporlar halinde ilgili makamlara sunmuştur. Çanakkale Muharebeleri başlamadan önce ve muharebeler devam ederken İngiliz Askeri İstihbaratı Türk ordusunun genel durumu, birliklerin pozisyonları, bu birliklerin nitelikleri ve nicelikleri ve Gelibolu Yarımadası’nın coğrafi özellikleri gibi pek çok konuyla ilgili çok sayıda detaylı rapor hazırlamıştır. Bu askeri istihbarat raporlarının içeriği sadece Çanakkale Muharebeleri ile sınırlı kalmamış, Osmanlı Devleti’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde yaşanan hadiselerle ilgili bilgiler de ayrıntılarıyla verilmiştir. Özellikle başkent İstanbul’da yaşanan toplumsal, ekonomik ve siyasi gelişmeler yakından takip edilmiştir. İstihbarat bilgilerinin İstanbul, İzmir, Suriye gibi önemli merkezlerde bulunan ajanlar, buralarda yaşayan Avrupalılar ve özellikle İstanbul ve Gelibolu çevresinde yaşamış azınlıklar tarafından verildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Diğer önemli istihbarat kaynağı da Türk esir ve kaçakların ifadeleridir. Genel olarak bakıldığında bu istihbarat raporları, kimin verdiğine göre değişmekle birlikte çeşitli yanlış bilgiler içerse de, raporların önemli bir kısmı son derece önemli ve işe yarar bilgiler vermektedir. Türkiye’de daha önce bu konuda akademik bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla, Türkiye’de tamamı ilk kez bu makalede yayınlanacak olan askeri istihbarat raporlarının savaşın gidişatına olan etkisi ve bu bilgilerin Türk tarafıyla karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi muharebelerin daha iyi anlaşılması açısından önem arz eder.
The British Secret Service, one of the oldest intelligence units known in history, was intense intelligence activities in the Ottoman territory in the years of World War I and during the war obtained military, political, economic and geographical information and presented it to the relevant authorities in reports. Before the Battle of Çanakkale began and while the struggles continued, the British Military Intelligence has prepared numerous detailed reports on many topics such as the general state of the Turkish army, the positions of the troops, the qualities and quantities of these troops and the geographical characteristics of the Gelibolu Peninsula. The content of these military intelligence reports is not only limited to the Chanakkale battles, the information about the events occurring in various regions of the Ottoman State is also provided with details. Social, economic and political developments in the capital Istanbul have been closely followed. It is clear that the intelligence information is provided by agents located in important centres such as Istanbul, Izmir, Syria, Europeans living there and especially the minorities living around Istanbul and Gelibolu. Another important source of intelligence is the Turkish prisoners and refugees. In general, although these intelligence reports include a variety of false information, which varies depending on who it gives, a significant part of the reports provide extremely important and useful information. There has not been an academic study on this subject in Turkey before. Therefore, the impact of the military intelligence reports that will be published for the first time in Turkey on the course of the war and the study of this information in comparison with the Turkish side are important for better understanding of the struggles.
British Intelligence Service, one of the oldest intelligence service known in the history, has extensively engaged in intelligence activities in the Ottoman Empire during the World War I and collected military, political, economic and geographical information and reported them to the government offices. Prior to and during the course of Gallipoli Campaign, British Military Intelligence prepared numerous detailed reports about general status of Turkish army, locations of the troops, their quantities and qualities, geographical features of the Gallipoli peninsula. Such military intelligence reports were not only about the Gallipoli Campaign but also provided detailed information about the incidents in several regions of Ottoman Empire. It closely followed up the social, economic and political developments, especially in Istanbul, the capital. It is understood that intelligence was received from the agents in important centers such as Istanbul, Izmir, Syria, European living in such places and minorities, residing around Istanbul and Gallipoli. Another important intelligence source is the statements of Turkish prisoners and deserters. In general terms, while such intelligence reports contained false information, depending on the intelligence source, the significant majority of the reports were considerably important and useful. There are no academic studies on this subject before in Turkey. The effect of British military intelligence reports on the course of the campaign and comparing such information with Turkish side are important for better understanding of the battles.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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