Abstract:

At the beginning of the 19th century, Ottoman statesmen understood the increasing superiority of European states and gave importance to Westernization policy. The fact that the West was advanced in terms of industry and technology caused the Ottoman state to fall into a difficult situation. Intellectuals who want to save the Ottoman state from this difficult situation, and with the influence of the developments in the west, they established an organization called İttihat-i Osmani Cemiyeti against Sultan II. Abdülhamit's rule. This organization was founded by military medical students, this society spread to a wide audience and defended the ideas of justice, equality and freedom. Ahmet Rıza Bey was in Paris and Dr. Nazım who was sent to Europe by the association, With their works carried out together and the society was named Terakki ve İttihat. In addition to this situation, the Ottoman Freedom Association was founded in Selanik by Mehmet Tahir, Talat Bey and their friends.  In order to make the activities more efficient, the Selanik-based Ottoman Freedom Society and the Paris-based Ottoman Progress and Union Society were united under the name of the Ottoman Union and Progress Society in 1907 by Dr. Nazım Bey. This organizasion had an important place in Turkish political history with the values ​​it carried and the policies it defended.

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