Abstract:

The 1916 Turkistan or Urkun Rebellion began in July 1916 in the territory in which the Kyrgyz people lived and ended in 1917 with the February Revolution in Russia. The rebellion that began in Kyrgyzstan against the Tsar government soon spread to the territories of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The rebellion arose after the demand for forced military capture of Muslims aged 19-43 who were exempt from forced military service during World War I and was violently suppressed by the Russian army. Thousands of Kazakhs and Kyrgyz were killed or forced to migrate to China. Although the pressure of the Tsar government on the Kyrgyz people ended with the February Revolution, Russia did not establish full sovereignty in the region until the October Revolution occurred. The Soviet regime began a comfortable period for the Kyrgyz and the Kyrgyz leaders were declared heroes against the Tsarist regime by the new regime.

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