Görüntüleme
30
Osmanlı Devleti’nin Avrupa kapitalizmine kısmen de olsa eklemlendiği XIX. yüzyılın ortaları ile XX. yüzyılın başlarında, üretim ilişkileri ve toprak mülkiyeti konusunda, köklü denebilecek bir takım değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Özellikle, II. Meşrutiyet döneminde siyasal iktidara hâkim olan İttihat ve Terakki, iktisaden zor şartlar altında ezilen toplumsal grupların desteğine ihtiyaç duymuş, topraksız veya az topraklı köylüye toprak verilmesi, ucuz kredi temini gibi konularda bazı adımlar atmıştır. Ancak iyi niyetle atılan bu adımlar, özellikle kırsal kesimde gelir ve mülkiyet dağılımındaki adaletsizliği tam olarak giderememiştir. Öte yandan İttihat ve Terakki, savaş ortamda, yabancı sermayeli tarım şirketlerini tarım ve ticaret hayatının dışına itmeyi amaçlamıştır. Ancak bu süreçte, ülkede birçok harp zengini doğmuş, fakir durumda olan halk ve köylü daha da yoksullaşmıştır. Neticede bu durum, köylünün sosyal ve ekonomik durumunu düzeltmenin aksine, zengin ve büyük çiftliklere sahip bir sınıfı ortaya çıkarmış, tarımsal gelir dağılımındaki denge biraz daha bozulmuş, arazi ve mülkiyet konusundaki anlaşmazlıklar artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, ekonomik ve sosyal bir mesele olarak toprak mülkiyeti konusunda, Çayırhan köyü ahalisi ile eşraftan Hilmi Efendi arasında yaşanan arazi-mera anlaşmazlığı üzerinde durulmuş, bu konuda, merkezi ve yerel yönetimin Hilmi Efendi ile köylüye karşı tutumları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, konuyla ilgili arşiv belgeleri ilk elden kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Tanin Gazetesi muhabiri Ahmet Şerif Bey’in mektuplarının yer aldığı Anadolu’da Tanin isimli Osmanlı Türkçesiyle yazılmış kitaptan ve bazı araştırma eserlerinden yararlanılmıştır.
The Ottoman State was partly added to European capitalism. In the middle of the 20th century. At the beginning of the century, a number of changes occurred in the production relations and land ownership, which could be called root. Especially the II. Ithat and Terakki, who ruled the political power during the period of legitimacy, needed the support of social groups under difficult conditions from the economy, made some steps in issues such as land granting to landless or low-territory peasants, cheap loan provision. But these goodwill steps come, especially in the rural sector, and the injustice in the distribution of property has not been fully resolved. On the other hand, the Alliance and Terakki, in the war environment, intended to push foreign capital agricultural companies out of agriculture and trade life. But in this process, many harp rich were born in the country, and the poor people and peasants became even more poor. In the end, this situation, unlike repairing the farmer’s social and economic situation, revealed a class of rich and large farms, the balance in the distribution of agricultural income was slightly further deteriorated, the disputes on land and property increased. This study focused on the land-mera dispute between the village of Çayırhan and Hilmi Efendi as an economic and social issue, in this regard, the attitudes of the central and local government against the village of Hilmi Efendi and the peasant were assessed. In the study, archive documents related to the subject were used as the first-hand source. In addition to this, a book written with the Ottoman Turkish in Anatolia, where the letters of Tanin Gazetesi reporter Ahmet Sherif Mr. were included, and some research works were taken advantage of.
In the mid-19th century and early 20th century, when the Ottoman Empire was partially articulated in European capitalism, a number of fundamental changes occurred in the relations of production and land ownership. Particularly, the Committee of Union and Progress, which dominated political power during the 2nd Constitutional Period, needed the support of the oppressed social groups under difficult economic conditions, has taken some steps on issues such as granting land to landless or less landed peasants and providing cheap loans. However, these steps taken in good faith did not completely eliminate the injustice of income and property distribution, especially in rural areas. On the other hand, in a war environment, the Committee of Union and Progress has aimed to push foreign agricultural companies out of the life of agriculture and trade. However, in this process, many war-rich people were born in the country and the poor folk and peasants became poorer. Eventually, this situation, rather than improving the social and economic situation of the peasant, has led to a class with rich and large farms, has further distorted the balance in agricultural income distribution, and has increased disputes over land and ownership. In this study, on land ownership as an economic and social issue, the land-pasture dispute between the people of Çayırhan village and Hilmi Bey was discussed, in this respect, the attitudes of the central and local governments towards the villagers and Hilmi Bey were evaluated. In the study, archival documents related to the subject were used as a first hand source. In addition, it has been benefited from the book, Tanin in Anatolia, which is written in Ottoman Turkish, and which contains the letters of Ahmet Şerif Bey, who is the reporter of Tanin Newspaper, and from some research works.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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