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Dünyada demokrasi ile yönetilen ülkelerin hükümet sistemleri incelendiğinde üç tip demokratik hükümet sistemden söz edilmektedir. Bunlar parlamenter sistem, yarı başkanlık ve başkanlık sistemidir. Ancak ülkelerin sistemleri benzer olsa bile bütün ülkelerin hükümet sistemlerinin ortaya çıkmasında ve uygulanmasında tarihsel, kültürel ve siyasal yapılarından bahsedebiliriz. Ülkemizde de 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde yapılan referandum ile başkanlık sistemine geçilmiştir. Bu sistem kendi iç dinamikleri ile incelendiğinde başkanlık sisteminden ayrılarak Türk Tipi Cumhurbaşkanlığı şeklinde adlandırabiliriz. Referandum, ardından 24 Haziran 2018 genel seçimleri ile Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemine fiilen geçiş yapılmıştır. Yeni sistem ile birlikte Türk siyasi hayatında ve hükümet sisteminde köklü değişimler ve dönüşümler başlamıştır. Bunlardan biri bakanlıkların teşkili, bakanların atanması ve üst bürokraside merkezi idarenin dönüşümüdür. Yeni sistemde anayasal değişikliklerle birlikte cumhurbaşkanı tek başına yürütme erki olarak kabul edilmiştir. Buna göre bakanlar başta olmak üzere mevzuatta tanımlanan üst kamu bürokrasisi yöneticilerinin atama ve görevden alma işlemleri rutin bir idari işlem şekline dönüştürülmüştür. Bu değerlendirmede Türk Tipi başkanlık sisteminin genel özelliklerini ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.
When we look at the government systems of countries governed by democracy in the world, three types of democratic government systems are mentioned. These are the parliamentary system, the semi-presidential and the presidential system. But even if the systems of the countries are similar, we can talk about the historical, cultural and political structures in the emergence and implementation of the government systems of all countries. The referendum was held on April 16, 2017 and the presidency system was passed. When this system is examined with its own internal dynamics, we can separate from the presidential system and call it the form of Turkish-type presidency. The referendum, followed by the general elections of 24 June 2018 and the actual transition to the presidency government system. With the new system, radical changes and transformations have begun in the Turkish political life and government system. One of them is the organization of ministries, the appointment of ministers and the transformation of the central administration in the upper bureaucracy. In the new system, with the constitutional changes, the president has been recognized as a deadline to run alone. According to this, the appointment and withdrawal of the top public bureaucracy managers defined in the legislation, including the ministers, has been transformed into a routine form of administrative process. In this assessment we will try to reveal the general characteristics of the Turkish-type presidential system.
When the government systems of countries governed by democracy in the world are examined, three types of democratic government systems are mentioned. These are the parliamentary system, the semi-presidential and presidential system. However, even if their systems are similar, we can talk about their historical and political structures in their emergence and implementation in integrated government administration. When this system is examined with its own internal dynamics, we can leave the presidential system and name it as Turkish Type Presidency. With the referendum and general elections on 24 June 2018 a transition to the Government System of the Presidency has been realised. With the new system, radical changes and transformations have started in Turkish political life and the government system. One of them is the formation of ministries, the appointment of ministers and the transformation of the central administration in the upper bureaucracy. With the constitutional changes in the new system, the president is accepted as the sole executive power. Accordingly, the appointment and dismissal of the top public bureaucracy managers defined in the legislation, especially ministers, has been transformed into a routine form of administrative procedure. In this evaluation, we try to reveal in general the Turkish Type presidency.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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