Abstract:

The prevalence and incidence of nefrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. In recent years, significant progress has been in the field of nefrolithiasis. The causes of stone formation and specific molecular defects are more comprehensive. In addition to the urine intensity, the amount of crystals solved in the urine is also effective in the formation of kidney stones. With the decrease of urine volume, the saturation of soluble substances in the urine changes and the risk of stone formation increases. In the urine, a high level of certain substances such as oxygenate and phosphorus can form kidney stones. Genes, metabolic and environmental factors can affect urine composition and increase the risk of stone formation. The diet is one of the factors that can cause the formation of kidney stones or prevent the formation of stones. Changes in dietary practice can play a key role in the treatment and prevention of kidney stones. In preventing the appearance or renewal of kidney stones, it is important to reduce urine super saturation. Therefore, it should be aimed at increasing the intake of liquid until the urine volume reaches 2-2.5 liters. Hyperoxaluria, which may occur when the amount of oxalate in the diet increases or when the calcium is low, is the risk for the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Avoiding unnecessary dietary calcium restrictions and controlling oxygen-rich nutrients in the diet is important to prevent kidney stones. As increased dietary sodium intake can trigger hypercalcium, which is a risk for the kidney stone by reducing calcium renal tubular reabsorption, dietary sodium intake can be regulated. Therefore, in order to prevent the formation and recurrence of kidney stones, it is necessary to control the nutrition, especially from the environmental factors.

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