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Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından 1950’ye kadar olan dönemde Türkiye’de zeytin ve zeytinyağı üretimi ve ticareti ile bunun ekonomiye olan yansımaları makalenin konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Çalışma, Cumhuriyetin ilk döneminde zeytin ve zeytinyağı üretimi ile ihracatı (1923-1950); Demokrat Parti (DP) Döneminde Türkiye’de zeytin ve zeytinyağı alanında yaşanan gelişmeler (1950-1960) ile sınırlandırılarak iki dönem halinde ele alınmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde zeytin ve zeytinyağı üretimi ve ticaretinin ekonomiye olan yansımaları sayısal veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın kaynak materyalini, Başkanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi Belgeleri, resmi yayınlardan; Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (TBMM) Zabıt Ceridesi, kanunlar ve tutanak dergileri, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazetesi ve dönemin süreli yayınları arasında bulunan tarım ve ekonomi dergilerinin makaleleri oluşturmaktadır. Konu incelenirken, dönemin Türkiye’si ile dünyanın zeytin ve zeytinyağı alanında yaşanan gelişmeleri göz önüne alınarak gerekli değerlendirilmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuç şudur: Cumhuriyetin ilanıyla birlikte zeytin üretimi ve ihracatına önem verilmiş, 1528 ve 3573 sayılı kanunların yürürlüğe girmesiyle Türkiye’de zeytinciliğin geliştirilmesi yönünde önemli adımlar atılmıştır. Ancak 1929 Dünya Ekonomik Buhranı ve II. Dünya Savaşı koşulları zeytin ve zeytinyağcılığı sekteye uğratmıştır. DP döneminde ise zeytin üreticisini daha bilinçli hale getirmek için kurslar düzenlenerek, usta ve çırak yetiştirilip parasız aşı kalemi verilmiştir. Dahası, yabani zeytin alanlarının tespiti, parselâjı, dağıtımı ve tescil işleri yürütülmüş, zeytinlere musallat olan haşerelerle mücadele edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar neticesinde zeytin ve zeytinyağı üretimi ve ihracatı artırılarak milli ekonomiye önemli katkılar sağlanmıştır.
During the period from the first years of the Republic to the 1950s, the production and trade of olive and olive oil in Turkey and its reflections on the economy are the subject of the article. The study was discussed in two periods, limited to the development in the field of olive and olive oil (1950-1960) in Turkey during the Democratic Party (1923-1950), and the production of olive and olive oil (1923-1950). The reflections of the production and trade of olive and olive oil in the Republic of Turkey on the economy have been assessed in the light of numerical data. The source material of the study is made up of the Presidential Republic Archive Documents, official publications; the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) Zabıt Ceridesi, the articles of the agricultural and economic journals, which are located between the laws and tutanak journals, the Turkish Republic Official Gazette and the period periodic publications. During the examination of the subject, the necessary assessments were made taking into account the developments in the field of olive and olive oil in Turkey and the world. The results obtained in the study are the following: with the announcement of the Republic, the importance of olive production and exports, with the entry into force of the laws 1528 and 3573, important steps have been taken towards the development of olive production in Turkey. The 1929 World Economic Storm and II. The World War war conditions have led to olive and olive oil industry. During the DP period, the courses were organized to make the olive producer more aware, mastery and cranberries were grown and free of charge vaccination pen was given. In addition, the detection, parceling, distribution and registration of the wild olive fields were carried out, the olive fields were fought with the shells that were musallate. As a result of these studies, increased production and exports of olive and olive oil have made significant contributions to the national economy.
This article discusses the olive and olive oil production and trading in Turkey starting from the early years of the Republic until 1950, and the effects of these on economy. The research subject is discussed in two periods as olive and olive oil production and exports in the first period of the Republic (1923-1950) and the improvements observed in olive and olive oil industries in Turkey in Democrat Party (DP) period (1950-1960). The effects of olive and olive oil production and trading in the Republic of Turkey on economy are explored in the light of statistical data. The source materials of the research consist of the Presidency Republic Archive Documents, official publications, Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Parliament) Minutes Records, laws and official reports, the Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey and the articles published in the periodical journals on agriculture and economy. In this research, the improvements observed in olive and olive oil industries in Turkey and around the world in relevant period were taken into consideration in evaluations. The results obtained in this research are as follows: With the proclamation of the republic, olive production and exports gained importance and significant steps were taken to improve olive industry in Turkey with the enactment of Laws No 1528 and 3573. However, the conditions of the 1929 World Economic Crisis and the World War 2 gave damage to olive and olive oil industries. In DP period, trainings were offered to raise the consciousness of olive producers, masters and apprentices were trained, graft were offered for free. Furthermore, wild olive lands were located, parcelled out, distributed and registered and pest control mechanisms were established. As a result of these measures, olive and olive oil production and export activities were improved, which significantly contributed to the national economy.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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