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1814-1964 arasında İngiliz himayesinde olan; Tunus, Libya ve İtalya arasındaki konumu sebebiyle “Akdeniz’in kalbi” olarak bilinen Doğu Akdeniz’deki en önemli Müttefik limanı Malta, stratejik önemi dolayısıyla İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Müttefiklerle Mihverlerin mücadele sahası içinde yer almıştır. Bu bağlamda Haziran 1940’tan Aralık 1942’ye kadar Almanlar ve İtalyanlar havadan ve donanmalarıyla Malta’ya yaklaşık 2000 bomba atmışlardır ki adadaki en ağır bombardıman 1942’de yaşanmıştır. Afrika Cephesindeki Alman güçlerine götürülecek yardımların İngiliz engeline takılmasını önleme amaçlı planlanan Mihverlerin Malta Operasyonu, İngiltere’nin karşılık vermesiyle bastırılabilmiştir. Almanya ve İtalya’nın harekâtı sonrasında Müttefikler de Malta üzerinden Mihverleri bombalamaya başlamıştır. Böylece Akdeniz’in kontrolünü ele geçiren ve Afrika’daki Montgomery-Rommel mücadelesini kazanan taraf Müttefikler olmuş ve Alman ordusu Afrika’dan çekilmiştir. Bu çalışmada İkinci Dünya Savaşı boyunca Mihver ve Müttefiklerin Malta üzerindeki mücadeleleri, adanın stratejik konumunun yol açtığı zorluklar, savaşa dahil olmayan insanların hastalıklarla, açlıkla mücadeleleri anlatılacaktır. Mücadeleler esnasında Malta halkının yaşadığı sıkıntılardan bahsedilip savaşın insanlar üzerindeki etkisi anlatılarak İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminin Türkiye’de bilinmeyen ve çalışılmamış bir meselesi işlenecektir.
Malta, the most important Allied port in the Eastern Mediterranean, known as the "heart of the Mediterranean" because of its location between Tunisia, Libya and Italy, was under British support between 1814 and 1964, and was in the fighting field of the Allied and the Mikhers during World War II because of its strategic importance. In this context, from June 1940 to December 1942, the Germans and Italians had thrown about 2,000 bombs on Malta by air and by their naval, which was the worst bombing on the island in 1942. The Operation of the Misericorders in Malta, which was planned to prevent the aid to the German forces on the African Front from being stuck in the British barrier, could be suppressed by the response of Britain. After the movement of Germany and Italy, the allies began to bomb the Mikhers through Malta. Thus the side that took control of the Mediterranean and won the fight Montgomery-Rommel in Africa became Allies and the German army was withdrawn from Africa. This study will describe the struggles of the Mikhers and allies over Malta during the Second World War, the difficulties caused by the island’s strategic position, the struggles of people who are not involved in the war with diseases, the struggles with hunger. During the struggles, talking about the difficulties that the Maltese people are experiencing and the impact of the war on the people will be addressed in Turkey an unknown and unstudy issue of the Second World War.
The island of Malta remained under the auspices of the British between 1814 and 1964. Malta, the most important Allied port, located between Tunes, Libya and Italia and, known as “the heart of Mediterranean” thanks to its location, was situated in a struggle between two blocks during WWII. In this regard, from the June of 1940 till the December of 1942 Germans and Italians had bombarded the port of Malta and the Allied ships both by air and by sea. During these two years Germany and Italia had thrown about 2000 bombs to Malta, the heaviest of which had occurred in 1942. Axis’ Malta Operation was hampered by English troops, because this operation was based on Italian assistance to Germans in African front. After this failure, this time Allied forces began to bombard the Axis ones in Malta. In order to take the control of Mediterranean and to be in the winner side of English-German struggle in African front or Montgomery-Rommel struggle, Malta was a place of importance. In this study, the struggles in Malta of both Axis and the Allied parties during WWI will be treated. In addition the struggles with the diseases and the hunger of the people who are not involved in the war will be explained. During these struggles, the troubles experienced by the people of Malta will be mentioned and the effect on the war people will be tried to be explained. In this way an unknown and an unwritten subject of the period of WWII in Turkey will be discussed.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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