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Osmanlı Devletinin dağılma ve çöküş sürecini şiddetli bir biçimde hissettiği 19. yüzyılda Batılı misyonerlerin Anadolu’ya yönelik faaliyetleri de hız kazanmıştır. Tarihsel geçmişi 1551 yılına kadar uzanan ve başlangıçta Katolik mezhebi mensuplarınca gerçekleştirilen misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin bahsi geçen yüzyıldaki en etkili temsilcileri ise Protestanlar olacaktır. İngiltere’nin öncülüğünde başlayan Protestan misyonerliği kısa sürede ABD’yi de etkisi altına alacaktır. Henüz yeni kurulmuş bir devlet olan ABD’nin en önemli sorunu tanınabilirliktir. Bunun farkında olan ABD’li yöneticiler bu durumu fırsata çevirmeye çalışmışlardır. Misyonerler ülkelerinin politik, kültürel ve sosyal yönden tanıtımını sağlayacak yarı resmi temsilciler olarak kabul edilmişlerdir. Misyonerler açısından değerlendirildiğinde de bu desteğin önemli avantajları olacaktır. Onlar da bu sayede kendilerini güvence altına alacak ve faaliyet yürüttükleri bölgede daha rahat hareket etme imkânı yakalayacaklardır. Bu bağlamda değerlendirildiğinde Protestan misyonerliğinin iddia edilenin aksine dini hedeflerden çok ülkesinin menfaatlerini gözeten bir yapı arz ettiği sonucuna varılabilir. Bu makalede öncelikle misyonerlik faaliyetleri bağlamında ABD ile Büyük Britanya arasındaki irtibata yer verilecektir. Ayrıca ‘Yeni Dünya Devleti’ ABD’nin ‘Eski Dünya’nın en kadim ve köklü devletlerinden olan İngiltere’den dünyaya Protestanlığı egemen kılma noktasında nasıl etkilendiği hususu da çalışmanın temel unsurlarından birisini teşkil etmektedir. Diğer taraftan 1810 yılında kurulan ve ABD’nin genelde dış dünya, özelde ise Osmanlı Devleti ile temas kurmasında en önemli aracı rollerden birisini üstlenen American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM)’yi ortaya çıkaran etmenler makalenin üzerinde duracağı ikinci önemli noktadır. Ayrıca bahsi geçen örgütün dini olmaktan çok seküler bir yapı arz ettiği konusuna da değinilecektir. Teşkilatın bu özelliği bizzat Amerikan Board’un Osmanlı topraklarına gönderdiği ilk iki misyoner Pliny Fisk ve Levi Parsons’un Boston’da verdikleri son vaazlar göz önüne alınarak izah edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Buna bağlı olarak da bahsi geçen örgütün en esaslı maksatlarından birisinin de ülkesinin menfaat ve beklentilerini gerçekleştirmek olduğu hususu çalışmanın kapsamına giren bir diğer önemli konudur.
In the 19th century, when the Ottoman state felt the process of disintegration and collapse in a violent way, the activities of the Western missionaries towards Anatolia also gained speed. The most influential representatives of the past century of missionary activities, which lasted until 1551 and initially carried out by Catholic religious members, will be Protestants. The Protestant missionary, which begins under the leadership of Britain, will soon be influenced by the United States. The most important problem of the United States, which is a newly established state, is recognizability. The U.S. leaders, who are aware of this, have tried to turn this situation into an opportunity. Missionaries have been recognized as semi-official representatives to promote their countries in a political, cultural and social perspective. When assessed from the point of view of the missionaries, this support will also have significant advantages. Thus, they will also be safeguarded and capture the possibility to move more comfortably in the area where they operate. When assessed in this context, it can be concluded that the Protestant missionary, contrary to what is claimed, provides a structure that oversees the interests of the country more than religious objectives. This article will first include the contact between the United States and the United Kingdom in the context of missionary activities. In addition, the 'New World State' is one of the basic elements of the study on how the United States is influenced by Britain, one of the oldest and most rooted states of the Old World, in the process of making Protestanism dominant. On the other hand, the factors that revealed the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), which was founded in 1810 and which was one of the most important instruments in the U.S. general contact with the outside world, and in particular the Ottoman State, are the second important point that will stand on the article. It will also be pointed out that the association is a very secular structure rather than religious. This feature of the organization will be attempted to be explained by taking into account the recent preaching of the first two missionaries, Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons, who were sent to the Ottoman territory by the American Board. According to this, one of the main objectives of the organization mentioned is to
In the 19th century, when the Ottoman Empire strongly felt the disintegration and collapse process, the Western missionaries' activities towards Anatolia also accelerated. In the aforementioned century, Protestants would be the most effective representatives of the missionary activities, that the historical background dates back to 1551 and which were initially carried out by the members of the Catholic sect. The Protestant missionary activities began under the leadership of Britain, would soon influence the United States. The most important problem of the USA, which is a newly established state, is recognisability. USA executives who are aware of this, have tried to turn this situation into an opportunity. Missionaries have been regarded as semi-official representatives who would promote their countries politically, culturally, and socially. This support would also have significant advantages when evaluated from the perspective of missionaries. In this way, they would secure themselves and have the opportunity to move more comfortably in the region in which they operate. When it is evaluated in this context, it can be concluded that the Protestant missionary has a structure that, contrary to what it is claimed, it takes care of the interest of its country, rather than the religious targets. This article will primarily focus on the liaison between the United States and Great Britain in the context of missionary activities. In addition, how the USA, that is the ‘New World State', was affected by Britain, one of the oldest and deep-rooted states of the 'Old World', constitutes one of the basic elements of this study. On the other hand, the factors that reveal the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), which was established in 1810 and played one of the most important intermediary roles in the USA in contact with the Ottoman Empire in particular, and the outside world in general, is the second important point that the article will focus on. It will also be mentioned that the said organization has a secular structure rather than a religious one. This feature of the organization will be tried to be explained by considering the recent sermons given by Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons, the first two missionaries sent by the American Board to the Ottoman lands. Accordingly, another important issue within the scope of the study is that one of the main objectives of the said organization is to realize the interests and expectations of its country.
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